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Higher Human Biology Unit 1 > 1.8 Energy Systems in Muscle Cells > Flashcards

1.8 Energy Systems in Muscle Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

Contraction time of slow twitch muscles

A

Slow

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2
Q

Contraction time of fast twitch muscles

A

Quick

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3
Q

Timeframe of contraction of sliw twitch muscles

A

Long

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4
Q

Timeframe of contraction of fast twitch muscles

A

Short

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5
Q

Type of activity best suited to slow twitch muscles

A

Endurance eg. long distance running or cycling

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6
Q

Type of activity best suited to fast twitch muscles

A

Bursts eg. Weightlifting or sprinting

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7
Q

Where ATP is generated for slow twitch muscle fibres

A

Aerobic respiration

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8
Q

Where ATP is generated for fast twitch muscle fibres

A

Glycosis

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9
Q

Number of mitochondria in slow twitch muscle

A

Many

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10
Q

Number of mitochondria in fast twitch muscle

A

Few

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11
Q

Blood supply to slow twitch muscle

A

Rich/ high

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12
Q

Blood supply to fast twitch muscle

A

Low

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13
Q

Main storage fuel for slow twitch muscle fibres

A

Fats

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14
Q

Main storage fuel for fast twitch muscle fibres

A

Storage carbohydrates like glycogen or creatine phosphate

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15
Q

What muscle contraction requires

A

ATP

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16
Q

Role of creatine phosphate

A

Breaks down to provide energy and a phosphate (used to convert ADP to ATP)

17
Q

During activity when creatine phosphate runs out

A

After 10 seconds of strenuous muscle activity

18
Q

What creatine phosphate allows athletes to do

A

Sustain maximum muscle contractions for a short period of time

19
Q

The role of ATP (in creatine phosphate system) when demand for energy in muscle cells is low (eg. during rest)

A

Acts as a source of phosphate and energy for the phosphorylation of creatine into creatine phosphate

20
Q

Under what conditions is pyruvate converted into lactic acid

A

•During vigorous exercise
•Muscle cells aren’t getting sufficient oxygen
(Oxygen is needed to support the electron transport chain)

21
Q

What the transfer of hydrogen from NADH results in

A

The conversion of pyruvate (pyruvic acid) into lactic acid

22
Q

When the NADH used to produce lactic acid are produced

A

During glycosis

23
Q

What lactic adic accumulating in the muscle cells results in

A

Muscle fatigue and oxygen debt

24
Q

When lactic acid is converted back into pyruvate

A

Omce the oxygen debt is repaid and excersise is complete

25
Q

With energy provided from aerobic respiration, what lactic acid is converted back into

A
  • Pyruvate

* Glucose in the liver

Higher Human Biology Unit 1 (9 decks)

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