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Higher Human Biology Unit 1 > 1.3 RNA and Transcription > Flashcards

1.3 RNA and Transcription Flashcards

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1
Q

Structure of RNA

A
  • single stranded molecule

* composed of RNA nucleotides

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2
Q

Where RNA molecules are found

A
  • nucleus

* cytoplasm

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3
Q

Composition of RNA nucleotide

A
  • phosphate
  • ribose sugar
  • RNA bases
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4
Q

The four RNA bases

A

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine and Guanine

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5
Q

RNA Base pairings

A

Adenine and Uracil

Cytosine and Guanine

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6
Q

The bonds that exist between the RNA bases

A

Weak hydrogen bonds

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7
Q

The bonds that exist between the ribose sugar and the phosphate group

A

Strong sugar phosphate bonds

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8
Q

Three different types of RNA and their functions

A
  • mRNA- messenger RNA, carries the genetic code from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome
  • rRNA- ribosomal RNA, along with proteins forms the ribosome
  • tRNA- transfer RNA carries a specific amino acid to a ribosome
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9
Q

What the instructions for protein synthesis are coded in

A

The order of bases on DNA

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10
Q

The building blocks of proteins

A

Amino acids

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11
Q

The number of different amino acids that exist naturally within cells

A

Twenty

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12
Q

A sequence of three bases on the DNA

A

Triplet

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13
Q

Another term for triplet code

A

Sequence of bases coding for proteins

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14
Q

Requirements for transcription

A
  • DNA to act as a template for the new RNA molecule
  • RNA polymerase
  • ATP for energy
  • Free RNA nucleotides (Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine and Guanine)
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15
Q

Where transcription takes place

A

The nucleus

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16
Q

Complementary pairings between the DNA and mRNA molecule

A

A - U
T - A
C - G
G - C

17
Q

Describe transcription

A

mRNA carrying a code for a protein from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome

18
Q

Group of three bases on the mRNA strand

A

Codon

19
Q

What the primary mRNA strand contains

A

Introns and exons

20
Q

Definition of intron

A

Non coding region of the gene

21
Q

Definition of exon

A

Coding region of the gene

22
Q

Definition of splicing

A

The introns in the primary transcript are removed during transcription

23
Q

What forms the mature mRNA transcript

A

The exons not removed by splicing

24
Q

Where splicing takes place

A

The nucleus

25
Q

What each triplet on the mRNA strand codes for

A

One specific amino acid

26
Q

The two processes resulting in different proteins being expressed from one gene

A
  • Alternative RNA splicing

* Post translation modification

27
Q

Definition of alternative RNA splicing

A

Different RNA molecules being produced during RNA splicing as sometimes exons are removed along with the introns next to them

Higher Human Biology Unit 1 (9 decks)

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