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Higher Human Biology Unit 1 > 1.2 Structure and Replication of DNA > Flashcards

1.2 Structure and Replication of DNA Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the structure of a DNA molecule

A
  • Made up of repeating nucleotides

* Bases of adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine

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2
Q

Specific DNA base pairings

A

Adenine and Thymine

Cytosine and Guanine

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3
Q

Bonds that hold the nucleotides together

A

Sugar-phosphate bonds which form a strong sugar-phosphate backbone

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4
Q

Describe the structure of a DNA nucleotide

A
  • Deoxyribose sugar molecule
  • Phosphate group
  • DNA base
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5
Q

Number of carbons in a DNA molecule

A

5

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6
Q

Name the structure that forms when the two strands of DNA wind around each other

A

Double helix

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7
Q

The meaning of antiparallel

A

The two DNA strands running in opposite directions, one strand running for 3’ to 5’, the other running from 5’ to 3’

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8
Q

What chromosomes consist of

A

DNA tightly coiled around associated proteins

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9
Q

What base sequences of DNA code for

A 
Genetic information 
(Base sequence of DNA determines the amino acid sequence which determines the proteins produced, determining the structure and function of the cell)
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10
Q

Define triplet

A

A group of 3 DNA bases

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11
Q

What each triplet codes for

A

A specific amino acid

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12
Q

Before cell division, what happens to the DNA molecule

A

The DNA molecule is replicated

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13
Q

What enzyme the DNA molecule is replicated by

A

DNA polymerase

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14
Q

Where DNA replication takes place on the DNA strand

A

Several locations on the DNA molecule

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15
Q

Why DNA replication is important

A

To ensure that each new daughter cell recieves a full set of chromosomes and so no genetic information is lost

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16
Q

What must be present for DNA replication to occur

A
  • DNA to act as a template
  • Primers - a short complementary strand of nucleotides that allows DNA polymerase to bind
  • Enzymes- DNA polymerase and ligase
  • ATP for energy
17
Q

The only end of a strand that DNA polymerase can add free complementary nucleotides to

A

3’ end of a strand

18
Q

How the leading strand is replicated

A

Continuously

19
Q

How the lagging strand is replicated

A

In fragments which are joined together by ligase

20
Q

Functions of DNA polymerase

A
  • Adds nucleotides to the new strand
  • Only adds nucleotides to an existing chain
  • Can only add nucleotides to the deoxyribose 3’ end

Higher Human Biology Unit 1 (9 decks)

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