1.3 Translation and Proteins Flashcards
Single stranded molecule involved in the process of translation
tRNA (transfer RNA)
Why there are folds in the tRNA molecule
Weak hydrogen bonds formung between the base pairings of nucleotides
Triplet of bases on the tRNA molecule
Anticodon
What the anticodon on the tRNA molecule determines
Which specific amino acid that each tRNA molecule will pick up and carry to the ribosome
The roles of tRNA in protein synthesis
- collect specific amino acids
- transport their specific amino acids to the amino acids to the ribosome
- pair the anticodon with the correct codon on the mRNA transcript, ensuring that the specific amino acid is in the correct place in the polypeptide chain
The bond that forms between the adjacent amino acids
Peptide bond
Brief description of translation
mRNA codons translated by the tRNA molecules into a polypeptide chain
Where translation takes place
The ribosome
Explain start codon
The first three bases on the mRNA strand (the first codon)
Explain stop codon
The last three bases on an mRNA strand (the last codon)
What the sequence of the codons on the mRNA strand determine
The sequence if the amino acids in the polypeptide chain
What the tRNA molecule does after the peptide bond has formed between the two adjacent amino acids
- is released from the amino acid
- leaves the ribosome
- picks up another one of its specific amino acids from the cytoplasm
Explain post translation modification
The structure of the protein is modified after the process of translation
How a protein is modified during post translation modification
- cutting and joining of polypeptide chains
- addition of carbohydrate
- addition of phosphate groups
How gene expression is controlled
Throught regulating the process of transcription and translation
