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MICROBIOLOGY 1.0 > 1.8 Cytokines and Complement System > Flashcards

1.8 Cytokines and Complement System Flashcards

1
Q

refers to the decrease in serum levels of complements due to the utilization of Antigen-antibody complex

A

Complement fixation

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2
Q

4 major effects of Complement Pathway and the respective complement proteins that mediate each

A

Opsonization: C3b Chemotaxis: C5a Anaphylatoxins: C5a and C3a Cytolysis: C5b6789 (MAC)

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3
Q

trimolecular complex that activates C4 and C2 (Lectin Pathway)

A

MBL MASP-1 MASP-2

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4
Q

Functions of TNF @ moderate levels include (6)

A

Pyrogenic (with IL-1) induce Phagocytes to secrete IL-1 and 6 Hepatocyte secretion of Amyloid A protein (acute phase protein) Cachexia Bone marrow suppression Coagulation cascade activation

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4
Q

give the hematopoietic preogenitors that these cytokines act on: IL-7 Il_9 IL-11

A

IL-7: B lymphocyte lineage IL-9: T cell Lineage;Mas cell progenitors IL-11: Megakaryocytes

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4
Q

The final product of all 3 complement pathways

A

C5 convertase

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5
Q

Functions of TNF @ low levels

A

Local: expression of adhesion molecules and MHC1

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6
Q

acts on the most immature marrow progenitors; also promotes mast cell development

A

IL-3

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6
Q

(3) Controls of Amplification loop and the complement they inhibit

A

Decay Accelerating Factor (DAF): C3bBb Complement Receptor 1 (CR1): C3b Factor H: C3b

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7
Q

TNF secretion is triggered by what antigen/foreign body

A

gram (-) bacteria or LPS (Endotoxin)

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8
Q

facilitates the degradation of C4b via Factor I and prevents association of C2 with C4b

A

C4 binding protein (CF-BP)

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9
Q

potent activator of Neutrophils

A

lymphotoxin

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10
Q

Requirement of most cellular responses to cytokines. (2)

A

new mRNA protein synthesis

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10
Q

its net effect is to inhibit T cell mediated immune inflammation

A

IL-10

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10
Q

major sites of complement protein synthesis (2)

A

Liver and Phagocytic cells

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12
Q

Mediators of natural immunity. (5)

A

Type 1 IFN TNF IL-1 IL-6 Cytokines/Chemokines

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12
Q

Complement denaturation that leads to loss of hemolytic activities

A

Complement inactivation

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13
Q

Major Pathways of Complement cascade

A

Classical Pathway Mannose-binding Lectin Pathway Alternative Pathway

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15
Q

4 principal effect/actions of type 1-IFN

A

increase lytic activity of NKcells expression of MHC-1 Inhibits viral replication inhibits cell proliferation (IFN a & IFN B)

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16
Q

temperature and duration at which complements are rendered inactive

A

50 Celsius fro 30 mins

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16
Q

what are the components of the C5 convertase? (classical pathway)

A

C4bC2aC3b

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17
Q

protects C3b and stabilizes C3 convertase of the alternative pathway

A

Properdin/Factor P

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18
Q

What is the main Physiologic fxn of IL-4

A

regulator of allergic reaction

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19
Q

components of C5 convertase (alternative pathway)

A

C3BbC3b

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20
Q

Type II IFN differs from Type I IFN due to?

A

IFN stimulates MHC1 and MHC2 expression secreted by T-cells directly promote B-cell and T-cell differentation

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21
Q

what makes up the Membrane Attack Complex/

A

C5b6789

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22
Q

IL-6 potentially act on what 2 cell lines and what are its effects?

A

B cells: activator/GF Hepatocytes: synthesis of plasma proteins (e.g fibrinogen)

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22
Q

what is complement activation?

A

the alteration of C protein from a proenzyme cleaved to form an active enzyme

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22
Q

activators of the Alternative pathway

A

complex chemicals infectious agents tumor cells X-ray opaque media dialysis membranes

23
Q

A leukocyte interferon.

24
Q

What are the functions of IL-12? (3)

A

most potent NKcell stimulator stimulates naive THcells into Th1 cells stimulates naive CD8+ cells into a mature CTL’s

25
Q

Which component of the C1 binds to the Fc portion of Antibodies?

26
Q

the most potent signal for the release of type 1-IFN

A

Viral infection

27
Q

True or False. TGF-Beta is a lymphocyte Inhibitor

28
Q

This property is exhibited by cytokines which allow them to react directly with many different types of target cells.

A

Pleiotropism

29
Q

reduces the amount of C5 convertase by cleaving C3b and C4b

30
Q

what prevents the binding of C5b67 to other bystander cell that causes damage?

A

Protein S (vitronectin)

31
Q

Regulators of lymphocyte activation, growth and differentiation. (3)

A

IL-2 IL-4 Transforming Growth Factor-beta

32
Q

complement proteins are designated by “a” and “b” when cleaved which corresponds to a smaller component and a bigger component respectively, EXCEPT?

A

C2 (a is bigger than b fragnent)

34
Q

3 principal actions of IL-2

A

Promotes differentation/growth of T cells (G1-S phase promoter) Stimulates Ab prod’n Stimulates NK cells to become LAK cells (Lymphokine Activated Killer cells)

35
Q

T/F. C1 is activated when it binds to Fc portion of the Ab whether or not the Ab is attached to an Antigen.

A

False. activated only when Ab is attached to Ag.

36
Q

dissociates C1 from C1s and C1q

A

C1 inhibitor

37
Q

C1 cleaves C4 and C2 to produce

A

C3 convertase (C4bC2a)

39
Q

Principal action is to activate eosinophils for anti-helminth

40
Q

what are released during low IL-1 levels?

A

IL-1 and IL-6 + local inflammation

41
Q

components of C3 convertase (alternative pathway)

43
Q

also known as T cell growth factor (TCGF)

44
Q

which specific IgG subclass does not participate in the complement cascade activation?

45
Q

Complement Anaphylatoxins

A

C4a. C3a, C5a

46
Q

Complement Opsonins

47
Q

the initial step in the spontaneous activation of Alternative pathway

A

hydrolysis of C3 to C3i

48
Q

Complement protein that is a prokinin

50
Q

A fibroblast interferon.

51
Q

What secretes IL-2

A

TH cells (CD4+)

52
Q

Act as regulators of cell division.

A

Growth factors

54
Q

Cytokine stimulators of Hematopoiesis (6)

A

C-kit ligand IL-3 IL-7 IL-9 IL-11 GM-CSF

56
Q

Cytokine/Chemokine that predominantly act on Neutrophils as mediators of acute inflammation

57
Q

IL-1 is secretion is mediated primarily by?

A

Activated Mononuclear Phagocytes

58
Q

Cytokines are produced during what phase of natural and specific immunity?

A

Effector phase

60
Q

what does IL-4 inhibit?

A

macrophage activation

61
Q

principal cytokine that stimulates class switching of Bcells

62
Q

Will introduction of carboxypeptidase B result to the termination of the complement pathway (yes/No)

A

No. because it only inactivates C3a (which is not required in the propagation of the cascade)

63
Q

Serve to mediate and regulate immune and inflammatory responses

64
Q

what are released/effected during HIGH IL-1 levels?

A

Pyrogenic response (fever) Hepatocye secretion of APR’s Cachexia (muscle wasting)

65
Q

Cytokine secretion is ____ (brief/long) and ____ (self-limited/not self-limited).

A

Brief and self-limited

66
Q

the two Ab that are able to fix complement in the classical pathway

A

IgG and IgM

67
Q

Summarize all the CYTOKINES.

68
Q

a cytokine that interacts with Tyrosine Kinase; needed to make stem cells responsive to other CSF’s

A

C-kit Ligand

69
Q

Regulators of Immune-mediated inflammation. (5)

A

IFN-y (gamma) Lymphotoxin IL-10 IL-5 IL-12

70
Q

what cell produces IL-5?

A

TH2 cells, Mast cells

MICROBIOLOGY 1.0 (6 decks)

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