1.1 Bacterial Ultrastructure and Morphology Flashcards
this event is triggered by near depletion of any several nutrients
sporulation
Flagella arrangement: single flagella at one end
monotrichous
responsible for attachment of donor and recipient cells in bacterial conjugation
sex pili
Flagella arrangement: tuft of flagella at one end
lophotrichous
self-replicating DNA molecules independent of chromosomal DNA
Plasmids
This appendage is usually found in gram - bacteria
Pili/fimbriae
Confers rigidity and shape. ALso responsible for viability of bacterium.
cell wall
a polymer of ribitol or glycerol phosphate
techoic acid
acts as a selective barrier
cytoplasmic membrane
produced when source of N, S, P is limited and there is excess carbon in the medium
Poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB)
nucleus:eukaryote = ____:prokaryote
nucleoid
Prokaryotes: DNA (+/-) histones
-
G+ produce what kind of toxin?
Exotoxin
granules produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Much granules
well-defined mucoid polysaccharide structure with antigenic phagocytic properties
capsule/glycocalyx
Prokaryotes: (+/-) carbohydrates in cell membrane
-
pili/fimbriae is composed of what structural protein subunit?
PILINS
storage for reserve materials/excess food and energy/reservoir of structural building blocks
inclusions bodies/granules
Staphylococci appear in (chain/cluster)?
cluster
call it ____ is it is loosely adherent to the cell wall
slime layer
facilitate the entry of small molecular substance iin gram negative
porins
composed of RNA and protein, factories upon which protein are made
Ribosomes
produced when carbon is in EXCESS, and (together with PHB) used as CARBON source when protein and nucleic acid synthesis are resumed
glycogen
granules of POLYHOSPHATE, produced when there are large reserves of inorganic phosphate
Volutin/metachromic/Babes-Ernst granules
Bacterial form with no cluster arrangement.
Rods/ Bacillus
Bacterial form with single turn, comma-shaped
Curved/Vibrio
this is unique in bacterial cell wall
diaminopimelic acid
Dormant but viable state of bacterium
SPores
Three main components of bacterial cell.
cell surface, cytoplasm, appendages
Component unique to G-
outer membrane
Bacterial form that may occur singly, in chains, or in clusters.
Spherical/Coccus
responsible for virulence and negative charge of cell surface in G+
techoic acid
Immediate precursor of lysine in bacterial biosynthesis
Diaminopimelic acid
may confer resistance to antibiotics
plasmid
Flagella arrangement: flagella all over bacteria
peritrichous
With thick walls (G +/-)
G+
Very short bacilli, appearing like cocci
coccobacilli
with more complex cell envelope (G +/-)
gram -
with periplasmic space (G +/-)
G-
May be regular or irregular, with hook on one end or both ends
Spiral
Flagella are thread-like structures composed entirely of what protein subunit?
Flagellin
murein sacculus is aka?
peptidoglycan layer
infolding of the membrane, contain circular or tubular structures attached to DNA chromatin, for cell division/replication
Mesosomes
petidoglycan layer is an alternating units of what sugar molecules?
N-acteyl-D.-muramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
Plasma membrane:eukaryotes= ______:prokaryotes
cytoplasmic membrane
