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Endocrine > 173. Thyroid basic physiology > Flashcards

173. Thyroid basic physiology Flashcards

1
Q

In biochemical thyroid function tests, displays antibodies to TPO

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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2
Q

Elevated TSH Decreased total or free T4

A

Hypothyroidism

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3
Q

Functional unit of the thyroid

A

Follicle

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4
Q

Low iodine –> low thyroid hormones –> increased TSH –> increased thyroid size

A

Goiter

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5
Q

Elevated TSH Normal total or free T4

A

Subclinical hypothyroidism

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6
Q

GPCR that allows Iodine (I-) to enter the thyroid cells from the blood stream Regulated by TSH

A

NIS

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7
Q

Echo free center on US Smooth back wall Acoustic enhancement

A

Thyroid cyst

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8
Q

Severe mental retardation 2/2 insufficient hormone levels during intrauterine life and infancy

A

Cretinism (congenital iodine deficiency)

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9
Q

Modality of choice for evaluation of thyroid structure No functional information Diagnosis: - nodules - cysts - Hashimoto’s - Graves’ Can be used to guid fine-needle biopsy

A

US

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10
Q

Emits gamma and beta radiation Beta radiation destroys tissues Used to assess thyroid and whole body scan Used to treat Graves’, toxic adenomas, and thyroid cancer

A

131iodine scan

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11
Q

Enzymes that convert T4 into active T3 Occurs in the peripheral cells

A

5-Monodeiodinase DIO1 and DIO2

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12
Q

In biochemical thyroid function tests, this is a tumor marker for MTC

A

calcitonin

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13
Q

Decreased TSH Normal total or free T4

A

Subclinical hyperthyroidism

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14
Q

Still significant health problem for about 1/3 of the world population 20 million people mentally handicapped d/t this Most preventable cause of mental impairment

A

Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD)

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15
Q

Action is primarily mediated by nuclear receptors regulating gene transcription

A

Thyroid hormones

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16
Q

Uptake of iodine tracer can be quantified to obtain estimate of ___ Radioiodine uptake

A

metabolic function

17
Q

Thyroid hormone receptors in the gut Non-steroid hormone receptor

A

TRbeta1

18
Q

Enzyme that converts T4 into rT3 (not biologically active)

A

5-Monodeiodinase DIO3

19
Q

Thyroid hormone receptors in the thyroid Non-steroid hormone receptor

A

TRbeta2

20
Q

Emits gamma radiation to be used in thyroid scanning

A

99technetium scan

21
Q

Damage tissue and are emitted in a 131iodine scan Used to treat hyperthyroidism

A

beta particles

22
Q

Stimulates growth and function of thyroid follicular cells resulting in the production of T4 and T3

A

TSH

23
Q

Most active thyroid hormone that does most of the work

A

T3

24
Q

Autoimmune thyroid destruction

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

25
Q

Enzyme that forms iodine with thyroglobulin into T3/T4

A

TPO

26
Q

Emits gamma radiation Used to assess thyroid function and whole body scan

A

123iodine scan

27
Q

Decreased TSH Elevated total or free T4

A

Hyperthyroidism

28
Q

In biochemical thyroid function tests, displays antibodies to TSH receptors

A

Graves’ Disease

29
Q

Thyroid hormone receptors in the heart Non-steroid hormone receptor

A

TRalpha1 and 2

30
Q

Hypoechoic signal, irregular borders, and microcalcifications on US point towards..

A

Thyroid cancer

31
Q

The more thyroid tissue, the higher the ___ Detectable amounts = residual or recurrent thyroid cancer tissue Increase may only be detectable under conditions of high TSH

A

TG level

32
Q

Transports thyroid hormones into peripheral cells from the bloodstream when they are free Can be mutated, esp. at the BBB leading to central hypothyroidism

A

Thyroid hormone transporter

33
Q

Binding proteins of T4/T3 >99% of T4/T3 is protein bound

A

TBG (thyroid-binding globulin) > TTR > Albumin

34
Q

Negative regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis is controlled by..

A

T3 Somatostatin Dopamine

35
Q

~10% of normal individuals have these ~20% of pts w/ thyroid cancer have these Can interfere with the TG measurement Can be an indicator of residual or recurrent thyroid cancer tissue

A

Thyroglobulin Abs

36
Q

In biochemical thyroid function tests, this is a tumor marker for PTC, FTC

A

thyroglobulin

37
Q

Most common cause worldwide of thyroid disorders

A

Iodine deficiency

Endocrine (26 decks)

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