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July > 1.7.2013(Molecular Biology) 54 > Flashcards

1.7.2013(Molecular Biology) 54 Flashcards

0
Q

Drugs that can cause Orotic aciduria

A

Allopurinol(competes with orotate)

6-azauridine(inhibits OMP decarboxylase)

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1
Q

Rx of Orotic aciduria

A

Uridine

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2
Q

Combined uraciluria-thyminuria enzyme deficiency

A

Dihydropyramidine dehydrogenase

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3
Q

Source of methyl group for thymine synthesis

A

N5,N10 methylene tetrahydrofolate

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4
Q

PEG ADA therapy

A

Only immunologic defects are corrected

Neurodevelopmental defects are not reversed

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5
Q

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency

A

Autosomal recessive
Only T cells affected
More common neurodevelopmental defects

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6
Q

Which life forms don’t synthesise purine and pyramidine nucleotides

A

Protozoa

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7
Q

Pyramidines occur in

A

Thiamine
DNA
RNA

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8
Q

Purines are found in

A

Coenzyme A
NAD
FAD
NADP

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9
Q

Number of base pairs per turn

A

10.5

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10
Q

Z DNA is found in

A

Poly GC rich regions

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11
Q

Z DNA

A

Left handed helix

Zigzag backbone

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12
Q

Inclination of base pairs with respect to axis of helix in different forms of DNA

A

19’(A)
1.2’(B)
9’(Z)

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13
Q

Bromodeoxyuridine is a ___________ analogue

A

Thymidine

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14
Q

mtDNA

A

37 genes
2 rRNA
22 tRNA
13 proteins

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15
Q

Start codon in mitochondria

A

AUA

Nuclear DNA codes for isoleucine

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16
Q

Stop codons in mitochondria

A

AGG
AGA

nuclear DNA codes for Arginine

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17
Q

UGA in mt DNA codes for

A

Tryptophan

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18
Q

Number of copies of mt DNA in a mitochondria

A

2-10

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19
Q

Mitochondrial disorders without maternal inheritance

A

Pearson
CPEO
KSS

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20
Q

Repetitive sequences of DNA are found in

A

Telomeres

Centromeres

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21
Q

Percentage of exons

A

1.5%

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22
Q

Protein with highest number of introns

A

Muscle protein titin

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23
Q

Satellite DNA

A

Simple sequence repeats

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24
Q

Telomere binding proteins

A

TRF1
TRF2(involved in formation of T loop)
Telomere repeat binding factors

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25
Q

DNA fibril

A

Chromatin fibril

Groups of nucleosomes

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26
Q

Chromatin fibre

A

6 DNA fibrils

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27
Q

Organisation of DNA(along with packing ratio)

A 
Naked double stranded DNA(1)
chromatin fibrils(7-10)
Chromatin fibres(40/60 or 100)
Loops(domains)(8000)
Rosette(6 loops)
Coils(30 rosettes)
Chromatids(10 coils)
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28
Q

Central role in nucleosome formation

A

H3 H4

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29
Q

Phasing

A

Non random preferential binding of histones to AT rich region in DNA

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30
Q

How eukaryotic DNA is underwound?

A

Topoisomerases relax the unbound positive supercoils

Negative supercoils attached to histone core is unaffected

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31
Q

Most conserved histones among eukaryotes

A

H3-H4

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32
Q

Histone modifications that activate or inhibit gene transcription

A

Methylation
Acetylation of H3H4
Monoubiqutilation

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33
Q

SMC proteins

A

Structural maintanence of chromosome proteins

  • Cohesins
  • Condensins
  • Kleisin

First two form positive supercoils

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34
Q

Linking number

A

Number of basepairs/number of base pairs per turn

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35
Q

Super helical density

A

Specific linking difference(sigma)

Number of turns removed relative to number of turns present in relaxed uncoiled DNA

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36
Q

Normal sigma of cellular DNA

A

-0.05 to -0.07(5-7%)

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37
Q

Linking number change difference btw topoisomerase 1 and topoisomerase 2

A

Topoisomerase 1 changes linking number by 1

Topoisomerase 2 changes linking number by 2

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38
Q

Dna with helicase activity

A

DnaB

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39
Q

DNA gyrase

A

Can remove both negative and positive supercoils

Can insert negative supercoils

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40
Q

Melting of DNA is promoted by

A

Increasing temperature

Decreasing salt concentration

41
Q

Absorbance of DNA is measured at _______ NM

A

260

42
Q

Absorbance of completely denatured DNA

A

37%

Tm 18.5%

43
Q

T4 bacteriophage DNA polymerase

A

Similar to klenow fragment but 3’-5’ exonuclease activity is 200 times higher than latter

44
Q

Anti carcinogenic vitamin

A

Carotenoids

45
Q

Damaging power of radiation arrange in order

A

Alpha>beta>x rays> gamma

Ionising power follow the same order
Penetration power follow the reverse order

46
Q

Zinc finger is binding motif for

A

Steroid receptor family

Thyroid receptor family

47
Q

Helix turn helix motif is found in

A

CAP and lac repressor of E.coli

Homeobox proteins,pit1,oct1 and oct2 in mammals

48
Q

Leucine is repeated at every _____ position in Leucine zipper motif

A

7th

49
Q

Leucine zipper motif is found in

A

Myc
CRE binding protein
Fos
Jun

50
Q

Lac operon regulation

A

Positive regulator CAP,CAMP
negative regulator lac I,repressor protein
Inducer lactose,IPTG

51
Q

miRNAs are produced by

A

RNase III family
Drosha
Dicer

52
Q

RISC

A

RNA induced silencing complex

mature miRNA and proteins

53
Q

stRNA

A

Small temporal RNA

A type of miRNA

54
Q

Nobel prize for discovering RNA induced gene silencing was given to

A

Craig fire and Andrew mello

55
Q

Substances inhibiting beta subunit of RNA polymerase

A

Refamycin
Streptovaricin
Streptoglydigin
Heparin

56
Q

Drugs inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase

A

Nalidixic acid

Ciprofloxacin

57
Q

Nucleoside analogs

A

Cytarabine
Acyclovir
Idoxiuridine
NRTI

58
Q

Mechanism of action of streptomycin

A

binds to 30S RNA

And prevents binding of met t RNA

59
Q

MOA of puromycin

A

Similar to Aminocyl tRNA

Premature release of nascent polypeptide

60
Q

MOA of tetracycline

A

Binds to 30S

Prevents binding of Aminoacyl tRNA

61
Q

MOA of cycloheximide

A

Inhibits Peptidyl transferase activity of 60S subunit

62
Q

Enzyme responsible for fidelity of translation

A

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

63
Q

Only tRNA recognised by eIF2

A

Initiator tRNA

64
Q

Translation and transcription in prokaryotes

A

Coupled

65
Q

Translocation

A

Prokaryotes
EF-G and GTP
Eukaryotes
EF-2 and GTP

66
Q

Factors that prevent the reassembly of ribosomes

A

IF-1A
IF-3

These also stabilise 43s pre initiation complex

67
Q

Number of subunits in eIF-2

A

Alpha
Beta
Gamma

68
Q

Inhibition of formation of 43s pre initiation complex

A

eIF-2A if phosphorylated binds to eIF-2B and inactivates GTP-GDP recycling

69
Q

Components of IF4F

A

IF 4A
IF 4G
IF 4E

70
Q

Cap binding protein

A

IF 4F

It’s binds to cap by 4E

71
Q

IF 4F binds to 43s initiation complex by

A

IF4G which binds to IF3

72
Q

Scaffolding protein among initiation complexes

A

4G

73
Q

Rate limiting step in translation

A

Binding of 4E to mRNA cap

74
Q

Formation of 80s initiation complex,role of initiation factors

A

IF 5 hydrolyses the GTP bound to IF2

75
Q

Role of IF4B

A

ATPase and ATP dependant helicase activity

Melts the complex secondary structure of 5’ end of mRNA

76
Q

Binding of new tRNA to A site is mediated by

A

EF1A

Requires GTP

77
Q

Translocation in translation is mediated by

A

EF 2

requires GTP

78
Q

Termination of translation is mediated by

A

RF1,2,3
Peptidyl transferase
Stop codons

79
Q

ATP requiring processes in translation

A

Activation of Aminoacid
Formation of 43s initiation complex
Formation of 48s initiation complex

80
Q

Number of tRNAs

A

More than or equal to 32

81
Q

Homologous substitution for valine in 67th position in Hb

A

Glutamic acid
Aspartate
Alanine

82
Q

Change in Hb Hikari

A

Lys to Asparagine

Acceptable mutation

83
Q

Targeted gene disruption methods

A 
Knock out(introduction of deletion)
Knock in(introduction of mutated gene)
84
Q

Techniques for detection of mutation

A 
Single stranded conformational polymorphism
Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 
RNAse cleavage 
Oligonucleotide specific hybridisation
Microarrays
Protein truncation test
85
Q

Classical Complement fixing immunoglobulins

A

IgG

IgM

86
Q

Papain cleavage of Ig

A

2F(ab)

1 Fc

87
Q

Pepsin effect on Ig

A 
Two F(ab) fragments joined together 
One Fc fragment
88
Q

CH4 is found in

A

IgE and IgM

89
Q

Most common light chain

A

Kappa

90
Q

Distribution of k and L chains

A

Either K or L alone

Never both

91
Q

Shift from membrane bound to free Ig is because of

A

Differential RNA processing(poly A site choice)

92
Q

CDR

A

Complementarity determining region

Hypervariable regions

93
Q

Forms of IgM

A

Monomer
Dimer
Pentamer
Hexamer

94
Q

Rate of synthesis is highest for

A

IgA

95
Q

Alternate complement fixing Igs

A

IgA
IgG
IgD

96
Q

Opsonisation is mediated by

A

IgG only

97
Q

Mechanisms for generation of antibody diversity

A 
Multiple germ-line V genes 
V-J and V-D-J recombinations
N nucleotide addition
Gene conversion
Recombinational inaccuracies
Somatic point mutations
Assorted heavy and light chains
98
Q

ATP requiring enzymes in DNA replication

A

DNA helicase
Topoisomerase II
DNA ligase

99
Q

Primase in E.coli

A

DnaG

July (7 decks)

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