17.1 Energy & ATP Flashcards
what are the uses of energy (ATP)
metabolism
movement
maintenance of body temperature
active transport
production of substances
what’s the three parts of the flow of energy through living systems
- light energy is converted by plants into chemical energy during photosynthesis (glucose is made)
- the chemical energy from photosynthesis in the form of organic molecules is converted to ATP during respiration (glucose is broken down)
- ATP is used by cells as their energy source to perform useful work
what happens at the light compensation points
it’s where photosynthesis and respiration balance each other out with no net exchange of O2 or CO2
it’s the light intensity at which gaseous exchange is zero
what’s plotted on the light compensation point
carbohydrate balance in y axis and time of day (hrs)
and in the graph is rate of photosynthesis and the rate of respiration
what bonds does atp contain
phosphodiester bonds
what’s atp made up of
adenine
ribose
3 organic phosphate groups
how does atp release energy and what’s the enzyme used
in a hydrolysis reaction it breaks down into ADP and Pi and releases 30KJ it’s catalysed by ATP synthase.
how is ATP formed from ADP + Pi
a condensation reaction it’s catalysed by ATP synthase and the energy for this is supplied from respiration
what are the three ways in which atp can be reformed in a condensation reaction
- photophosphorylation
- oxidative phosphorylation
- substrate level phosphorylation
where does photophosphorylation occur and when
it occurs in the chlorophyll during photosynthesis
where does oxidative phosphorylation occur and when
in the mitochondria during the electron transport chain which is a part of respiration
what is substrate level phosphorylation
it’s when phosphate groups are transferred from donor molecules to ADP
what’s making ATP called
phosphorylation
what’s breaking down ATP called
hydrolysis
is ATP a purine or a pyrimidine
it’s a purine
