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ANAT 316 ((: > 17. The Foregut > Flashcards

17. The Foregut Flashcards

1
Q

Name the abdominal organ systems (4).

A

Gastrointestinal GI system

Biliary System

Pancreatic System

Renal (urinary) system

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2
Q

At what level does the esophagus enter the abdominen?

A

at T10

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3
Q

What are the 3 abdominal organ divisions?

A
  1. foregut
  2. midgut
  3. hindgut
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4
Q

Identify the various organs and the abdominal organ division they are found in.

A

FOREGUT:

a. esophagus
b. liver (on right)
c. spleen
d. gallblader (holds bile) (under liver)
e. stomach
f. pancreas (tucked into duodenum)
g. 1/2 duodenum

MIDGUT:

starts at 1/2 of the duodenum (g)

h. jejunum
i. ileum

(DJ ILEUM)

o. appendix
n. cecum (1st part of the colon)
j. ascending colon
k. 1first 2/3 transverse colon

HINDGUT

starts at last third of transverse colon

L. descending colon

m. sigmoid colon
p. rectum

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5
Q

How are the abdominal organ divisions categorized?

A

divisions depend from where it gets its blood supply.

  1. the foregut receives blood supply from celiac trunk
  2. the midgut receives blood supply from superior mesenteric artery
  3. the hindgut receives blood supply from inferior mesenteric artery

artery branches from abdominal aorta

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6
Q

identify the 3 parts of the esophagus.

A

cervical part

thoracic part

abdominal part (very small): part after it enters diaphragm at t10

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7
Q

Identify the various parts of the esophagus.

A

A. superior esophageal sphincter (made by the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle)

B. longitudinal muscle (contracts up and down)

C. circular muscle (squeezes)

D. inferior espphageal sphincter (thickening of wall to stop acid reflux)

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8
Q

What parts of the esophagus aid in peristalsis?

A

the longitudinal and circular muscle

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9
Q

What prevents acid reflux?

A

the inferior esophageal sphincter aided by the diaphragm: when you breathe in, it contracts and flattens and closes off sphincter

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10
Q

Where is the stomach situated in the abdominen?

A

in the upper left quadrant at the transpyloric plane (L1)

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11
Q

Identify the various parts of the stomach. Where is the opening of the stomach found?

A
  • the opening of the stomach is found at the end of the stomach
    a. esophagus
    b. cardia
    c. fundus
    d. body
    e. pyloric antrum
    f. pyloric canal
    g. pyloric sphincter (pylorus)
    h. duodenum
  • green line: lesser curvature of stomach
  • blue line: greater line of stomach
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12
Q

What lines the inside of the stomach?

A

Rugae: folds that allow stomach to strech when food enters

=> if in lab you see smooth lining: stomach was full, if see rugae: stomach was empty

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13
Q

Where do the jejunum and ileum situate in the adominen?

A

jejunum: upper left quadrant
ileum: lower right quadrant

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14
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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15
Q

Identify the various parts of the duodenum. Identify wether the structure is retro or intreperitoneal.

A

A. D1: Superior part = intraperitoneal

B. D2: descending part : retroperitoneal

C. D3: inferior part: retroperitoneal

D. D4: ascending part :retroperitoneal and at end becomes intraperiotoneal because jejunum and ileum are intraperiotneal

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16
Q

What is D3 a landmark for?

A

for the superior mesentary artery

17
Q

Where is the pancreas situated in the abdominen?

A

the pancreas is found in the lesser sac, behind the stomach and travels torwards spleen.

18
Q

Identify the various parts of the pancreas. Is it a retroperitoneal or intreperitoneal organ? what is its function

A

a. head
b. neck
c. body
d. tail
purple: uncinate process

everything but the tail in retroperitoneal

fucntion: produces insule and digestive ensymes

19
Q

Identify the organ in purple. Is it retroperotineal, intraperitoneal? In which sac is it found in? Where is it situated in the abdominen?

A

SPLEEN: bag of blood

  • in greater sac
  • intraperitoneal organ
  • found between rib9 and rib11 (very superficial posteriorly
20
Q

Identify the various structures.

A

blue: superior border
green: inferior border
red: anterior border
a. gastrosplenic ligament (from stomac)
b. left wall of lesser sac
c. splenorenal ligament (from kidney)
middle: hilum of spleen: contains splenic arteries and vein

21
Q

Where is the liver located in the abdominen?

A

upper right quadrant on transpyloric plane L1

  • rib 5-rib 9 anterior
  • rib8-rib12 posteriorly

but size changes depending on lifestyle

22
Q

Identify the various parts of the liver.

A

a. right lobe
b. left love
c. peritoneal fold
d. falciform ligament
e. ligamentum teres: sealing off of ductus venosus
f. ductus venosus
g. placenta (of mother)
h. left triangular ligament
i. inferior vena cava
j. caudate lobe (tail)
k. quadrate lobe

L. gallblader

m. bare area (where peritoneum doesnt cover liver)
n. coronary ligament
o. right triangular ligament
p. left lobe
q. right lobe

23
Q

Why do you get cramps on your right side when running?

A

your diaphragm pushes against your liver

24
Q

What is found behind the liver?

A

the gallblader

25
Q

What does the liver produce? What is its function?

A

liver produces bile which digests fat

26
Q

Identify the various structures and identify which structure drains into what.

A

A. Gallbladder:

  • B: fundus: furthest part from opening
  • C: Body
  • D: Neck

E. cystic duct: drains the bile from the gallblader into the common bile duct

F.Right and left hepatic duct (drains into the common hepatic duct)

G. Common hepatic duct (drains into common bile duct)

H/I: common bile duct (travels right behind the pyloric sphincter, at D1 to D2)

(biliary tree)

27
Q

Identify the various structures and what they drain into.

A

A. common bile duct

B. pancreatic duct (drains into common bile duct)

C. Major duodenal papillae (fromt the pancreatic duct drains into the common bile duct that drains into the duodenum via the major duodenal papilla

D. accessory pancreatic duct (drains directly into duodenum via the minor duodenal papilla and travels behind the common bile duct)

E. minor duodenal papilla

28
Q

What are gallstones? What are the consequence of having gallstones develop?

A

Gallstones are created in the gallbladder and my drop into the common bile duct (via the cystic duct) that is shared with the pancreas. Enzymes produced by the enzymes cannot leave the pancreas because they are blocked from the gallstones. This can lead to pancreatitis which is an inflammation of the pancreas.

29
Q

Identify the various parts of the abdominal blood flow. Indicate their spinal level.

A

From top to bottom:

  1. Celiac Trunk (T12)
  2. Renal Artery (T12/L1): supply blood to kidney
  3. Superior Mesenteric artery SMA (L1)
  4. Gonadal artery (L2): blood supply to gonads
  5. Inferior mesenteric artery IMA (L3)
  6. Common iliac a (L3)
30
Q

Explain the embryology of the gut.

A

Gonads start as a straight tube, thus the blood supply is straight. As it starts to grow, it grows faster than abdominen and will protrude out of the abdominen. As it grows, it will twist and form the cecm and will return in the abdominal cavity.

Even with the twisting of the gut, the blood remains the same (the celiac trunk will still supply the foregut, the SMA will still supply the midgut and the IMA will still supply the hindgut)

31
Q

What are the various branches of the celiac trunk? Identify them on the picture.

A

a. celiac trunk (t12)
b. left gastric (1st branch off the celiac trunk)
c. splenic a
d. common hepatic a
e. proper hepatic a
f. gastroduodenal a

32
Q

Draw out all the branches of the celiac trunk. Identify what each branches supply and any anastomoses.

A

NOTE IN BLUE ITS THE r/l INFERIOR pancreaticoduodenal of the midgut

33
Q

What is the portal triad? Is in intra or retroperitoneal?

A

formed of the portal vein, common bile duct and proper hepatic a

they are found in the lesser omentum inside the hepatoduodenal ligament

=retroperiteneal

ANAT 316 ((: (19 decks)

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