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DT A-Level > 17 Quality assurance and quality control > Flashcards

17 Quality assurance and quality control Flashcards

1
Q

What is quality assurance (QA)?

A

QA is a procedure or system which is followed in order to achieve the desired level of quality.

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2
Q

What does an effective quality assurance procedure involves?

A
  • Measurement of variables
  • Comparisons with specifications
  • Constant monitoring of processes
  • Using feedback loops to prevent errors
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3
Q

What does Quality assurance focus on?

A

It focuses on defect prevention

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4
Q

What are simple planning systems?

A

A simple way to plan a sequence of manufacturing events is by using a flowchart

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5
Q

What is a flowchart? And how can they help?

A
  • A flowchart is a type of diagram that shows a workflow or process and is usually read top to bottom.
  • They highlight critical control points and allow feedback.
  • Flowcharts help manufacturers to identify possible problems such as bottlenecks
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6
Q

What does a giant chart showcase?

A
  • The phases of a project
  • Individual tasks
  • Key milestones
  • Required resources
  • Tasks are usually shown on the vertical axis whilst timings are recorded on the horizontal axis
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7
Q

What is total quality management?

A

Based on the principles of Kaiserslautern, it is a customer focused, process cantered strategy

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8
Q

Key features of total quality management

A
  • Integrated strategies and systems
  • Employee involvement
  • Communication
  • Constant feedback
  • Continuous improvement
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9
Q

What is scrum?

A

Scrum is a quality driven, agile framework for managing product development and problem solving.

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10
Q

How does a scrum work?

A
  • Scrum is initiated by the product owner with a product backlog (a wish list of items to bring to the market)
  • The scrum master leads scrum team in series of sprints (shorter focused tasks delivered by the team)
  • Scrum uses different types of sprint meetings and lists to ensure everything is kept on track.
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11
Q

What is a sprint backlog?

A

The sprint backlog is a list of products to produce in the next sprint.

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12
Q

What is the scrum board?

A

It contains a list of tasks for each team member and tracks their progress

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13
Q

What are the four types of meeting in scrum meetings?

A

Sprint planning, daily ‘stand ups’, sprint review and sprint retrospective

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14
Q

Sprint planning def

A

Used to set up the sprint parameters

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15
Q

Daily ‘stand ups’

A

Used to check if everything is going to plan

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16
Q

Sprint review

A

Used to deliver the results and get feedback

17
Q

Sprint retrospective

A

Used to reflect on what can be improved

18
Q

What does six sigma aim to do?

A

Improve process and management performance

19
Q

What are the five phases of six sigma?

A

Define, measure, analyse, improve, control

20
Q

What do you do in ‘six sigma’

A
  • Identifying and removing the main causes of errors improves efficiency, productivity and quality and limits waste
  • Many large corporations now use Six sigma
21
Q

What planning and charting projects are used?

A
  • Project evaluation and review techniques (PERT)
  • Critical path analysis (CPA) or critical path method (CPM)
22
Q

What does PERT and CPM rely on?

A

An arrow and node diagram

23
Q

What do PERT and CPM calculate?

A

They calculate the longest path of all planned activities to their individual end points or to the end of the project

24
Q

What does it mean when ‘tasks’ float?

A

It means that there is room for time to be delayed without making the project longer.

25
Q

What is CPA?

A

It is a 6 step method used to plan sequential activities, showing them as nodes, usually boxes joined with arrows with each box including details of the duration of each task

26
Q

What are the stages of CPA?

A

Stage 1: Specify each task
Stage 2: Sequence activities
Stage 3: Draw network diagram
Stage 4: Estimate timelines
Stage 5: Identify the critical path
Stage 6: Update diagram to show progress

27
Q

What does PERT stand for?

A

Project evaluation and review

28
Q

What do measuring materials require?

A

They require tools with accurate reference or ‘datum’ points - surfaces or edges from which all other measurements are taken.

29
Q

Examples of measuring tools?

A
  • Traditional tools such as rulers, squares, callipers and gauges
  • Digital micrometres and callipers
  • Laser and probe scanners
  • A dial test indicator or DTI uses a probe to test accuracy from a specific reference point
30
Q

What is tolerance?

A

This is a margin of error to ensure that a product has absolute accuracy and tolerance. This can apply to hole depth, length, angle, thickness, weight, elasticity and so on.

31
Q

What is a go-no gauge?

A

It can be used to test components to see if sizes fall within a given tolerance

32
Q

Where is tolerance used and what happens if the product is not within the tolerance?

A

They will be rejected during quality control checks.

33
Q

What does quality control ensure?

A

QUALITY CONTROL ENSURES PRODUCT STANDARDS ARE MET. Various tools are used to ensure parts have dimensional accuracy and are within tolerance.

34
Q

What are visual checks?

A

They are still used to check quality throughout the production process to ensure that:
- Supplied materials comply with the manufacturer’s requirements
- Parts and components are within tolerance
- Finished products and components match the product design specification
- Products comply with relevant standards

35
Q

What is Coordinate Measuring Machinery used for? (CMM)

A

It is used to check the measurements of finished components

36
Q

What does probe scanning do?

A
  • Uses a calibrated probe pin and highly sensitive sensors
  • Tests dimensional accuracy
  • Can scan dynamically along a surface or measure using predetermined data points
  • Enables comparison of points against 3D CAD models
37
Q

What is laser scanning and what does it do?

A
  • This uses a laser reflected off the surfaces of a product
  • Can take thousands of accurate measurements very quickly
  • Creates an accurate comparative 3D CAD model
  • Can spot potential wear and tear in a system and accurately predict maintenance
38
Q

What is non-destructive testing?

A

These can be used to measure wall thicknesses and detect internal faults not visible to the naked eye.

39
Q

What are two examples of Non-destructive testing NDT

A

Ultrasound
x-ray analysis

DT A-Level (20 decks)

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