(17) Olfaction and the Limbic System

Question 1

(The Olfactory System) (The Sense of Smell)

1. What is the modality?

(receptors)

2. what type of cell located where within what?

Answer 1

1. olfaction (SVA)
2. bipolar cells located in olfactory epithelium within the upper nasal cavity

Question 2

(The Olfactory System) (The Sense of Smell)

1. First order neurons = ?
2. the nonmyelinated axons of these neurons gather into bundles that collectively form the what?
3. Olfactory nerve bundles penetrate the what of the ethmoid bone to enter the what?

Answer 2

1. receptor cells (the bi-polar olfactory neurons located in the olfactory epithelium)
2. olfactory nerve
3. cribriform plate; olfactory bulb

Question 3

(The Olfactory System) (The Sense of Smell)

(second order neurons)

1. What types of cells in the olfactory bulb?
2. the axons of these cells form the what?

3-5. Hisologically, the olfactory bulb features three layes.. name them from superficial to deep.

6. in which layer do the olfactory nerves synapse on the dendrites of mitral cells?

Answer 3

1. mitral cells
2. olfactory tracts (striae)

3. glomerular layer

4. mitral cell layer

5. granule cell layer

6. glomerular layer

Question 4

(The Olfactory System) (The Sense of Smell)

1. The olfactory tract terminates by bifurcating into what?
2. which project to where (respectively)?

Answer 4

1. medial and lateral olfactory stria
2. septal area (olfactovisceral reflexes) and the piriform cortex (concious awareness of olfacion)

Question 5

Then there are pictures for a good couple of pages - LOOK AT THESE!

Question 6

(Key concept)

1. Odor molecules activate what?
2. The basic units of odor information appear to be what interacting with what?
3. Activation of receptors is linked via what? Amplifying the olfactory signa into what?
4. Thus, the various epitopic sites of an odor molecule are mapped into activation of distinct whats?
5. and, subsequently, into activation of what?
6. ultimately to where allowing what?

Answer 6

1. membrane receptors
2. epitopes of odorant molecules interacting with specific sites of distinct receptors
3. second-messenger cascades; electrical response of the sensory neuron
4. subpopulations of olfactory neurons
5. characteristic combinations of glomeruli in the olfactory bulb
6. to the olfactory cortex allowing perception of distinct scents