1.7 Joints Flashcards
What is a joint?
Articulation between bony elements
What are the 3 types of joints?
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
Which joint type is ligamentous?
Fibrous joint
What are 3 examples of fibrous joints?
- Sutures of skull
- Syndesmoses - equine metacarpals
- Gomphosis - periodontal ligaments
Fibrous joints: suture characteristics and growth
Membrane between bone grows, Bone grows into membrane at suture
- Allow ~ flexibility at parturition
- Close in most species (not mice!)
Fibrous joints: Syndesmosis & Gomphosis characteristics and examples
Bands of short ligaments
ex. Syndesmoses
- equine metacarpals
ex. Gomphosis
- periodontal ligament
Cartilaginous (cartilage)
Synchondroses at growth plate
Symphyses
- mandible and pelvis midline
- between vertebral bodies
Synarthroses
Fibrous/ semi-rigid
Synovial = ?
Fluid filled cavity
4 examples of synovial joints?
Elbow
Shoulder
Stifle
Hip
Diarthroses
Freely movable
Synchondrosis
Cartilagenous joint between epiphysis and diaphysis
Symphysis: mandibular
- Some sp. mobility for mastication
- Common site of fracture in cats
Symphysis: pelvic
Becomes softer before parturition (relaxin)
Symphysis: intervertebral disc
movement facilitated by ligament-like fibrocartilage
Physis means?
Sense of growing
A) epiphysis (bone end)
B) joint capsule
C) synovial membrane
D) joint fluid
E) hyaline cartilage
Hinge joint
Shapes to limit articulation to one plane
Ball and socket joint
Wide, almost
Infinite, range of articulation
Diarthrodial (synovial) joint definition
-fully moveable joint
-synovial cavity is between 2
articulating bones
-ROM defined by shape of articular surface
-synovium lubricates the 2 surfaces for
movement & covers them with a thin layer of
strong smooth articular cartilage
Articular cartilage characteristics
-Most common type of cartilage
-assists the motion of joints by being slippery&
smooth so movement is smooth when bones
glide
-found around the bones of free-moving joints
-composed of chondrocytes &ECM
-surrounded by perichondrium (No
perichondrium on hyaline articular cartilage)
Articular cartilage examples
-on the ends of long bones
-ribs
-nose
-on top of synovial joints
Diarthrodial (synovial) joint subtypes
-gliding
-hinge
- pivot
-condyloid
-saddle
-ball and socket.
synovium composition
Lining (intimal layer) + sub-intima
-Sub-intima is loose fibrous/fatty
-Produces a plasma ultrafiltrate
-No basement membrane
-Type A cells: (macrophage-like)
-Phagocytosis Type B cells (fibroblast-like): Produce synovial fluid
