1.2 Introduction to Tissue Architecture

Question 1

How are histological samples prepared?

Answer 1

1) Fixation/Processing of sample
2) sectioned to view on slide
3) stained to make the tissue visible

Question 2

What does the shape of individual cells and how they are arranged in tissues tell us?

Answer 2

How they do their jobs (and whether they are doing their jobs.)

Question 3

Hematoxylin stain does what?

Answer 3

Stains nuclei (RNA/DNA) blue/purple

Question 4

Eosin Stain does what?

Answer 4

Stains the cytoplasm pink

Question 5

2 says to cut through a long organ?

Answer 5

Transverse = across the object, through its longest axis

Longitudinal = Along the longest axis

Question 6

Strategy to identify what you are looking at?

Answer 6

Organisms are made of organs
Organs are made of tissues
Tissues are made of cells and matrix

The best approach is to work down this list from the top

Question 7

Where are epithelia tissues found?

Answer 7

They are found at the edges of tissues and so have liquid or air on one side

Question 8

What is this organ?

Answer 8

gland - exist to secrete substances into the circulation. As they function as an interface they contain lots of epithelia.

Question 9

Answer 9

Cuboidal epithelium

Question 10

What organ is this?

Answer 10

blood vessels

Question 11

Answer 11

squamous epithelium

Question 12

What organ is this?

Answer 12

part of the gut

Question 13

Answer 13

columnar

Question 14

Answer 14

Squamous :
- flattened
- passive barrier
- blood vessels

Question 15

Answer 15

cuboidal:- Square shaped
- Round nucleus
- Glands, secret

Question 16

Answer 16

columnar:- Elongated shape
- Oval nucleus
- Gut linning
- Active barrier

Question 17

“simple” means?

Answer 17

that there is only one layer of cells

Question 18

relatively passive –> relatively active order

Answer 18

simple squamous –> simple cuboidal –> simple columnar

Question 19

stratified means?

Answer 19

multiple layers of cells

outer layer can be removed / replaced

Question 20

Answer 20

stratified cubodial

Question 21

multiple layers of cells provide?

Answer 21

protection to the tissue

Question 22

where do connective tissues lie?

Answer 22

between the epithelia

Question 23

What do connective tissues contain?

Answer 23

They contain proteins to hold everything together, cells which do particular jobs for the tissue and blood vessels etc which carry things in and out of the tissue

Question 24

Transitional Epithelium:

Answer 24

Stratified epithelium with cells changing depending on stretch

ex: bladder

Question 25

Pseudostratified:

Answer 25

Single layer of epithelial cells, arrangement of nuclei makes it look like multiple layers

Question 26

extracellular matrix

Answer 26

Network of proteins for support

Question 27

Answer 27

fibroblasts - Produce ECM, typically are long and thin, with long nuclei

Question 28

Answer 28

Dense irregular

Question 29

Dense connective tissue:

Answer 29

- Provides firm attachment / stability - collagen fibers - contains fewer cells

Question 30

Answer 30

Dense regular

Question 30

Answer 30

Dense regular

Question 31

Answer 31

fat cells

Question 32

loose connective tissue

Answer 32

- Provides cushion / support - contains more ground substance - has relatively few fibers - ex: between muscles, around blood vessels and joints

Question 33

Epithelia form?

Answer 33

boundaries and barriers

Question 34

Answer 34

basement membranes

Question 35

Glands:

Answer 35

exist to secrete substances into the circulation

Question 36

The gut functions to?

Answer 36

absorb nutrients into the body.

Question 37

3 main types of muscle:

Answer 37

- skeletal/striated - voluntary - cardiac - involuntary - smooth

Question 38

Answer 38

skeletal muscle

Question 39

2 Forms of nerve tissue:

Answer 39

1. part of the CNS 2. nerve bundle in muscle tissue

Question 40

Answer 40

Part of CNS

Question 41

Answer 41

never bundle in muscle tissue