1.1 Introduction to Locomotor Flashcards
What are the 4 tissue types?
- Epithelial
- Muscular
- Nervous
- Connective
Epithelial tissue
Tissue that forms the covering on all internal and external surfaces of your body
- lines body cavities and hollow organs
ex: thyroid gland, epidermis (skin)
Muscular tissue
Contracts when stimulated to produce motion
ex: skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Skeletal vs. Cardiac
skeletal - voluntary and striated
cardiac - involuntary
Nervous tissue
monitors and regulates the functions of the body via carried electrical messages
Connective tissue
Tissue that: supports, protects, and gives structure to other tissues and organs in the body.
examples of connective tissue?
tendon, bone, cartilage
What are the basic components of tissues?
ECM and Cells
What are the 2 major functions of ECM?
- Provide a scaffold to keep cells in a functional arrangement
- Distribute and Dissipate forces (load) imposed on the body by posture and locomotion
How can connective tissue deal with load?
- Can (to varying degrees) modify their ECM to deal with load
- Adaptable to growth and exercise
What is ECM made of ?
- Water
- Organic component: Collagen
- Inorganic Component: Calcium and Phosphate
What do bone cells do?
- Maintain and remodel the matrix
ex: osteocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblast
When does bone remodeling occur?
In response to load imposed on bone
What synthesizes the organic matrix?
Osteoblasts
responsible for removing bone?
Osteoclasts
A common injury in greyhounds?
- Fracture of central tarsal bone on right hindlimb
- 60% of all fractures- differential load distribution and load cycle
- anti-clockwise running
- most common in dogs who have been racing regularly
Osteocytes
a bone cell, formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the matrix it has secreted.
Muscular
Epithelial
Nervous
Connective
is bone remodeling continuous/normal?
Yes
When does bone remodeling result in failure?
- Problem occurs when animal is running under greater forces were remodeling can’t keep up
- Bone fracture / failure is usually not the result of a traumatic event, but instead a series of continuous events
What is an organ?
A group of tissues that combine into a structural unit to perform a specific function
What is a joint?
Connective tissue arranged into an organ
Why do we have joints?
They allow growth and movement
Synovial joints:
range of motion between 2 skeletal structures, can be greatly increased when a joint contains a gap between them
How is a synovial joint characterized?
by a gap filled with synovial fluid
Properties of the synovial joint:
- Allow movement but simultaneously contribute stability via:
- ligaments (bone to bone)
- Fibrous joint capsule
- load bearing and dissipation
- Complemenatry opposing surfaces - congruency
- generate sensory input to allow CNS control of movement
What are the 3 sites of Gracilis muscle injury?
- muscular orgin on pelvic symphysis
- tendinous insertion on crural fascia
- junction of muscle and tendon
What is this injury?
Gracilis muscle injury
Bone
Cartilage
Tendon
Ligament
joint capsule and synovium
loose connective
dense connective
skeletal
What is this picture showing?
increasing range of motion and complexity
A) Bone
B) Synovial Fluid
C) Tendon
D) Cartilage
E) Synovium
