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Locomotion > 1.1 Introduction to Locomotor > Flashcards

1.1 Introduction to Locomotor Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 tissue types?

A
  • Epithelial
  • Muscular
  • Nervous
  • Connective
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2
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Tissue that forms the covering on all internal and external surfaces of your body

  • lines body cavities and hollow organs
    ex: thyroid gland, epidermis (skin)
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3
Q

Muscular tissue

A

Contracts when stimulated to produce motion
ex: skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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4
Q

Skeletal vs. Cardiac

A

skeletal - voluntary and striated
cardiac - involuntary

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5
Q

Nervous tissue

A

monitors and regulates the functions of the body via carried electrical messages

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6
Q

Connective tissue

A

Tissue that: supports, protects, and gives structure to other tissues and organs in the body.

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7
Q

examples of connective tissue?

A

tendon, bone, cartilage

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8
Q

What are the basic components of tissues?

A

ECM and Cells

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9
Q

What are the 2 major functions of ECM?

A
  • Provide a scaffold to keep cells in a functional arrangement
  • Distribute and Dissipate forces (load) imposed on the body by posture and locomotion
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10
Q

How can connective tissue deal with load?

A
  • Can (to varying degrees) modify their ECM to deal with load
  • Adaptable to growth and exercise
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11
Q

What is ECM made of ?

A
  • Water
  • Organic component: Collagen
  • Inorganic Component: Calcium and Phosphate
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12
Q

What do bone cells do?

A
  • Maintain and remodel the matrix
    ex: osteocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblast
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13
Q

When does bone remodeling occur?

A

In response to load imposed on bone

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14
Q

What synthesizes the organic matrix?

A

Osteoblasts

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15
Q

responsible for removing bone?

A

Osteoclasts

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16
Q

A common​ injury in greyhounds?

A
  • Fracture of central tarsal bone on right hindlimb
  • 60% of all fractures- differential load distribution and load cycle
  • anti-clockwise running
  • most common in dogs who have been racing regularly
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17
Q

Osteocytes

A

a bone cell, formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the matrix it has secreted.

18
Q
A

Muscular

19
Q
A

Epithelial

20
Q
A

Nervous

21
Q
A

Connective

22
Q

is bone remodeling continuous/normal?

A

Yes

23
Q

When does bone remodeling result in failure?

A
  • Problem occurs when animal is running under greater forces were remodeling can’t keep up
  • Bone fracture / failure is usually not the result of a traumatic event, but instead a series of continuous events
24
Q

What is an organ?

A

A group of tissues that combine into a structural unit to perform a specific function

25
Q

What is a joint?

A

Connective tissue arranged into an organ

26
Q

Why do we have joints?

A

They allow growth and movement

27
Q

Synovial joints:

A

range of motion between 2 skeletal structures, can be greatly increased when a joint contains a gap between them

28
Q

How is a synovial joint characterized?

A

by a gap filled with synovial fluid

29
Q

Properties of the synovial joint:

A
  • Allow movement but simultaneously contribute stability via:
  • ligaments (bone to bone)
  • Fibrous joint capsule
  • load bearing and dissipation
  • Complemenatry opposing surfaces - congruency
  • generate sensory input to allow CNS control of movement
30
Q

What are the 3 sites of Gracilis muscle injury?

A
  1. muscular orgin on pelvic symphysis
  2. tendinous insertion on crural fascia
  3. junction of muscle and tendon
31
Q

What is this injury?

A

Gracilis muscle injury

32
Q
A

Bone

33
Q
A

Cartilage

34
Q
A

Tendon

35
Q
A

Ligament

36
Q
A

joint capsule and synovium

37
Q
A

loose connective

38
Q
A

dense connective

39
Q
A

skeletal

40
Q

What is this picture showing?

A

increasing range of motion and complexity

41
Q
A

A) Bone
B) Synovial Fluid
C) Tendon
D) Cartilage
E) Synovium

Locomotion (9 decks)

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