1.7 Histology of Endocrine Glands Flashcards
Define exocrine and give the different types
relating to or denoting glands which secrete their products through ducts opening on to an epithelium rather than directly into the blood.
Merocrine, apocrine and holocrine
Define endocrine
glands which secrete hormones or other products directly into the blood.
Define paracrine
a hormone which has effect only in the vicinity of the gland secreting it.
What hormones are released from the anterior pituitary?
GH, Prolactin, ACTH, Thyrotropin releasing hormone, FSH, LH
What hormones are released from the posterior pituitary?
ADH and oxytocin
What are the three major cell types in the anterior pituitary?
Acidophils, basophils and chomrophobes
What colour are acidophils and what do they secrete?
Pink, secrete GH and prolactin
What colour are basophils and what do they secrete?
Dark purple and secrete ACTH, Thyroid stimulating hormone and the gonadotrophic hormones (LH and FSH)
What colour are chromophobes?
pale staining - contain few cytoplasmic granules
name and type of cell that secretes GH
Somatotroph which is an acidophil
name and type of cell that secretes prolactin
Lactotroph which is an acidophil
name and type of cell that secretes LH and FSH
Gonadotroph which is a basophil
name and type of cell that secretes ACTH
Corticotroph which is a asophil
name and type of cell that secretes TSH
Thyrotroph which is a basophil
Which two hormones of the anterior pituitary are not under control of a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus
Growth hormone and Prolactin
How is the anterior pituitary formed?
By an upgrowth of the primitive mouth (Rathkes pouch)
How is the posterior pituitary formed?
A down growth of the brain and arises from the neurosecretory cells located in the hypothalamus
What cells in the posterior pituitary release hormones and which hormones do they release?
Non myelinated axons - ADH and oxytocin
What hormones are produced from the follicles of the thyroid and what do they do?
T3 and T4, they regulate the basal metabolic rate and influence growth and maturation
What hormones are produced from the parafollicular cells of the thyroid and what do they do?
Calcitonin - regulates blood calcium with parathyroid hormone
What are the cell types of the parathyroid gland?
Chief cells and oxyphilic cells
What is the function of parathyroid hormone?
Raise amount of calcium in bloodstream, removes calcium from bones, increases amount of calcium taken from diet and decreases amount of calcium excreted in urine
What will you see with parathyroid tumours?
Too much calcium in the bloodstream - psychological moans, abdominal groans, stones and bones
What are the three layers of the cortex of the adrenal gland and what hormones do they produce?
Zona glomerulosa - aldosterone
Zona fasiculata - cortisol
Zona reticularis - Androgens and GCCs
