1.7 - Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Produced by breakdown of pyruvate; joins with oxaloacetate in the citric acid cycle.

Answer 1

Acetyl group

Question 2

Adenosine diphosphate; molecule that is phosphorylated to produce ATP.

Answer 2

ADP

Question 3

Substrates for respiration other than glucose.

Answer 3

Alternative respiratory substrates

Question 4

Adenosine triphosphate; molecule used for energy transfer in cells.

Answer 4

ATP

Question 5

Membrane-bound enzyme that synthesises ATP.

Answer 5

ATP synthase

Question 6

Release of energy from respiratory substrates.

Answer 6

Cellular respiration

Question 7

Critic acid; first substance produced in the citric acid cycle.

Answer 7

Citrate

Question 8

Second stage of aerobic respiration occurring in the matrix of mitochondria.

Answer 8

Citric acid cycle

Question 9

Substance that carries acetyl groups into the citric acid cycle.

Answer 9

Coenzyme A

Question 10

Enzymes that remove hydrogen from their substrates; important in the citric acid cycle.

Answer 10

Dehydrogenase

Question 11

Group of proteins embedded in membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Answer 11

Electron transport chain

Question 12

Hydrogen carrier important in the citric acid cycle.

Answer 12

FAD

Question 13

Progression of pyruvate in the absence of oxygen.

Answer 13

Fermentation

Question 14

Sugar that is the main respiratory substrate in cells.

Answer 14

Glucose

Question 15

First stage in cellular respiration.

Answer 15

Glycolysis

Question 16

Electrons that can yield energy as they pass through an electron transport chain.

Answer 16

High-energy electrons

Question 17

Substance in a metabolic pathway between the original substrate and the end product.

Answer 17

Intermediate

Question 18

Central cavity of a mitochondrion in which the citric acid cycle occurs.

Answer 18

Matrix

Question 19

Cell organelle in which the aerobic stages of respiration occur.

Answer 19

Mitochondrion

Question 20

Hydrogen carrier important in the citric acid cycle.

Answer 20

NAD

Question 21

Substance that combines with the acetyl group in the citric acid cycle to form citrate.

Answer 21

Oxaloacetate

Question 22

Inorganic phosphate used to phosphorylate ADP.

Answer 22

Phosphate (Pi)

Question 23

Enzyme that regulates glycolysis and synchronises it with the citric acid cycle.

Answer 23

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

Question 24

Addition of phosphate to a substance.

Answer 24

Phosphorylation

Question 25

The end product of glycolysis.

Answer 25

Pyruvate