1.7 - Cellular Respiration Flashcards
Produced by breakdown of pyruvate; joins with oxaloacetate in the citric acid cycle.
Acetyl group
Adenosine diphosphate; molecule that is phosphorylated to produce ATP.
ADP
Substrates for respiration other than glucose.
Alternative respiratory substrates
Adenosine triphosphate; molecule used for energy transfer in cells.
ATP
Membrane-bound enzyme that synthesises ATP.
ATP synthase
Release of energy from respiratory substrates.
Cellular respiration
Critic acid; first substance produced in the citric acid cycle.
Citrate
Second stage of aerobic respiration occurring in the matrix of mitochondria.
Citric acid cycle
Substance that carries acetyl groups into the citric acid cycle.
Coenzyme A
Enzymes that remove hydrogen from their substrates; important in the citric acid cycle.
Dehydrogenase
Group of proteins embedded in membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Electron transport chain
Hydrogen carrier important in the citric acid cycle.
FAD
Progression of pyruvate in the absence of oxygen.
Fermentation
Sugar that is the main respiratory substrate in cells.
Glucose
First stage in cellular respiration.
Glycolysis
Electrons that can yield energy as they pass through an electron transport chain.
High-energy electrons
Substance in a metabolic pathway between the original substrate and the end product.
Intermediate
Central cavity of a mitochondrion in which the citric acid cycle occurs.
Matrix
Cell organelle in which the aerobic stages of respiration occur.
Mitochondrion
Hydrogen carrier important in the citric acid cycle.
NAD
Substance that combines with the acetyl group in the citric acid cycle to form citrate.
Oxaloacetate
Inorganic phosphate used to phosphorylate ADP.
Phosphate (Pi)
Enzyme that regulates glycolysis and synchronises it with the citric acid cycle.
Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
Addition of phosphate to a substance.
Phosphorylation
The end product of glycolysis.
Pyruvate
