1.1 - Division and differentiation of human cells Flashcards
Grows and divided in an unregulated way to produce a tumour.
Cancer cell
Tissue that supports, connects or separates other body tissues.
Connective tissue
Changes to cells that allow them to specialise for different functions.
Differentiation
Refers to a cell having two sets of chromosomes.
Diploid
Stem cells from embryos that can divide and become any type of cell.
Embryonic stem cells
Tissue that lines tubes and surfaces within the body.
Epithelial tissue
Issue affecting human attitudes and decisions regarding various choices.
Ethical issue
Cell that can give rise to gametes.
Germline cells
Describes a cell having one set of chromosomes. (e.g. gametes)
Haploid
Type of white blood cell involved in a specific immune response.
Lymphocyte
Type of cell division resulting in four haploid gametes.
Meiosis
Division of the nucleus of somatic or germline cells, giving two diploid daughter cells.
Mitosis
Stem cell that has the potential to make almost all cell types found within a particular tissue.
Multipotent stem cells
Tissue making up skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle.
Muscle tissue
Random change to DNA sequence.
Mutation
Tissue making up the nervous system.
Nervous tissue
Defence white blood cell that can engulf and destroy foreign material.
Phagocyte
Blood cell fragments important in blood clotting.
Platelets
Stem cell that has the potential to make almost all differentiated cell types of the body.
Pluripotent stem cell
Blood cell containing haemoglobin, which can carry oxygen in the bloodstream.
Red blood cell
Molecular signal that can be received by a cell to modify its activity.
Regulatory signal
Cancer formed from a cell transported from a primary tumour.
Secondary tumour
Body cell that divides by mitosis to form more body cells.
Somatic cell
Unspecialised cell that can divide and then differentiate.
Stem cell
Used as part of a medical therapy.
Therapeutic
Stem cells from tissue that divide and differentiated to become cells of that tissue.
Tissue (adult) stem cells
Collection of cancer cells produced by excessive, uncontrolled cell division.
Tumour
