1.3 - Gene Expression Flashcards
Unit of polypeptide structure.
Amino acid
Sequence of three bases on tRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.
Anticodon
Site on a transfer RNA molecule to which a specific amino acid binds.
Attachment site
Sequence of three bases on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.
Codon
Sequence of DNA that codes for protein.
Exon
Transcription and translation of a gene to synthesise proteins.
Gene expression
Non-coding sequence of DNA.
Intron
Carries a copy of the DNA code from nucleus to ribosome.
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Strong chemical link between amino acids in the primary structure of a polypeptide.
Peptide bond
Outward appearance of an organism.
Phenotype
Short strand of amino acids
Polypeptide
Changes made to polypeptides following translation.
Post-translational modification
Molecule made when DNA is transcribed.
Primary transcript
Type of RNA that makes up ribosomes.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Site of protein synthesis; composed of rRNA and protein.
Ribosome
Ribonucleic acid; occurs in several forms in cells
RNA
Enzyme involved in synthesis of primary transcripts from DNA.
RNA polymerase
Joining of exons following the removal on introns from a primary transcript.
RNA splicing
Copying of DNA sequences to make a primary transcript.
Transcription
Transfers specific amino acids to the mRNA on the ribosomes.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Production of a polypeptide at a ribosome using information encoded in mRNA.
Translation
RNA base not found in DNA
Uracil (U)
