17-1: Heart Anatomy

Question 1

In the cardiovascular system, the _ is the pump, the _ are the delivery routes, and the _ is the transport medium

Answer 1

heart; blood vessels; blood

Question 2

Where is the heart located?

Answer 2

anterior to vertebral column, posterior to sternum, between the lungs in the thoracic cavity.

Question 3

apex

Answer 3

pointed end of the heart, pointing down and left, resting against diaphragm

Question 4

What are the three layers of the heart wall?

Answer 4

endocardium > myocardium > epicardium

Question 5

endocardium

Answer 5

lines inside of heart; thin layer of epithelial tissue resting on a layer of connective tissue

Question 6

myocardium

Answer 6

thick layer of cardiac muscle tissue that makes up the bulk of the heart wall; responsible for contraction

Question 7

epicardium

Answer 7

thin, transparent outer layer; aka visceral layer of the serous pericardium

Question 8

What are the layers of the pericardium?

Answer 8

fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium, which has a parietal and visceral layer

Question 9

fibrous pericardium

Answer 9

tough outer layer of dense connective tissue that prevents overfilling, protects, and anchors the heart in place

Question 10

serous pericardium

Answer 10

thin, slippery, delicate membrane deep to the fibrous layer, made of parietal and visceral layers with serous fluid between

Question 11

parietal layer of serous pericardium

Answer 11

outer layer of serous pericardium, lining the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium

Question 12

visceral layer of serous pericardium

Answer 12

inner layer, attached to myocardium (also known as epicardium)

Question 13

cardiac tamponade

Answer 13

excess of serous fluid compressing the heart and limiting its ability to pump blood

Question 14

atria

Answer 14

smaller, superior “receiving” chambers that receive blood from veins

Question 15

The 2 atria are separated by the _ and the 2 ventricles are separated by the _. The atria and the ventricles are separated from each other by _.

Answer 15

interatrial septum; interventricular septum; connective tissue forming the valves

Question 16

auricle

Answer 16

external “flap” on the outside of each atria

Question 17

ventricles

Answer 17

larger, inferior thick walled chambers that discharge blood into the arteries

Question 18

coronary sulcus

Answer 18

a groove that separates the atria from the ventricles externally, containing coronary blood vessels and fat

Question 19

valves

Answer 19

structures of dense connective tissue that prevent blood from flowing backwards into the heart.

Question 20

Heart valves open and close in response to __.

Answer 20

differences in blood pressure on both sides

Question 21

atrioventricular valves

Answer 21

lie between atria and ventricles on both sides; prevent back flow of blood from ventricles into atria during contraction

Question 22

tricuspid valve

Answer 22

between right atrium and ventricle; has 3 cusps

Question 23

bicuspid valve

Answer 23

between left atrium and ventricle; has 2 cusps (aka mitral valve)

Question 24

papillary muscles

Answer 24

muscles on the inner surface of the ventricles

Question 25

cordae tendonae

Answer 25

tiny white cords anchoring the cusps to the papillary muscles; keep valve from being inverted into the atria

Question 26

When atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure , the AV valves ___; when atrial pressure is lower than ventricular pressure, the AV valves ___.

Answer 26

open; close

Question 27

semilunar valves

Answer 27

consist of half-moon shaped cusps; lie between the ventricles and large arteries leaving the heart

Question 28

pulmonary SL valve

Answer 28

between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Question 29

aortic SL valve

Answer 29

between left ventricle and aorta