16-6: Blood DIseases Flashcards
anemia
any condition that reduces the ability of the blood to deliver O2 to the tissues, due to a drop in the number of RBCs or the amount of normal hemoglobin
What are the symptoms of anemia?
fatigue (not enough O2 to produce ATP), shortness of breath, pale skin, cold intolerage
nutritional anemia
diet lacking in Fe, essential vitamins or amino acids
What is the treatment for nutritional anemia?
improve diet, Fe supplement
pernicious anemia
inability to produce enough RBCs because intestins are not absorbing vitamin B12 (at risk: vegetarians, elderly)
What is the treatment for pernicious anemia?
intramuscular injections of B12 or nasal gel
hemolytic anemia
shorter than normal lifespan for RBCs - may be caused by genetic defect in RBCs, parasites (eg malaria), toxins, or mismatch blood; treatment depends on cause
aplastic anemia
desturction of bone marrow by toxins, radiation, or certain drugs, resulting in a decline of all blood cells
What is the treatment for aplastic anemia?
transfusions of healthy blood, bone marrow transplant
sickle cell anemia
inherited gene results in abnormal hemoglobin that bends into a sickle shape when O2 levels are low; this results in deformed RBCs that rupture easily, and also tends to stick in blood vessels, cutting off blood supply to organs
What is the treatment for sickle cell anemia?
analgestics for pain, antibiotics for infection, transfusion therapy, the drug HYDROXYURIA
What are symtoms for sickle cell anemia?
severe anemia, bone pain, fever, infections (eg. leg ulcers), strokes, gasping for air
hemorrhagic anemia
decline in RBCs due to excessive loss of blood
What are causes of hemorrhagic anemia?
acute - large wounds
chronic - stomach ulcers, hemorrhoids, or heavy menstrual bleeding
infectious mononucleosis
a highly contagious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus; usually transmitted through saliva; most common in young adults ages 15-20
What is the diagnosis for infectious mononucleosis?
elevated WBCs (CBC) with an excessive number of abnormal agranulocytes (differential)
What are some symptoms for infectious mononucleosis?
extreme fatigue, aches, dizzy, sore throat, enlarged and tender lymph nodes, low grade fever, malaise
What is the treatment for infectious mononucleosis?
no cure - runs its course in a month; rest and vitamin B
leukemia
“white blood condition” - group of cancers of the blood forming tissues
acute leukemia
uncontrolled production and accumulation of immature WBCs - too immature to function
chronic leukemia
accumulation of too many mature WBCs that do not die at the end of their normal life span - too old to function
What are the symptoms of leukemia?
anemia, bleeding/internal hemorrhages, fever, weight loss, uncontrolled infection, bone pain
What is the treatment for leukemia?
radiation and chemo may induce remission, bone marrow transplant
myeloid leukemia
affects granulocytes, RBCs, platelets, monocytes
lymphoid leukemia
affects lymphocytes
How is leukemia classified?
acute or chronic
which stem cell is affected - myeloid or lymphoid
eg. CML - chronic myeloid leukemia
