16-6: Blood DIseases

Question 1

anemia

Answer 1

any condition that reduces the ability of the blood to deliver O2 to the tissues, due to a drop in the number of RBCs or the amount of normal hemoglobin

Question 2

What are the symptoms of anemia?

Answer 2

fatigue (not enough O2 to produce ATP), shortness of breath, pale skin, cold intolerage

Question 3

nutritional anemia

Answer 3

diet lacking in Fe, essential vitamins or amino acids

Question 4

What is the treatment for nutritional anemia?

Answer 4

improve diet, Fe supplement

Question 5

pernicious anemia

Answer 5

inability to produce enough RBCs because intestins are not absorbing vitamin B12 (at risk: vegetarians, elderly)

Question 6

What is the treatment for pernicious anemia?

Answer 6

intramuscular injections of B12 or nasal gel

Question 7

hemolytic anemia

Answer 7

shorter than normal lifespan for RBCs - may be caused by genetic defect in RBCs, parasites (eg malaria), toxins, or mismatch blood; treatment depends on cause

Question 8

aplastic anemia

Answer 8

desturction of bone marrow by toxins, radiation, or certain drugs, resulting in a decline of all blood cells

Question 9

What is the treatment for aplastic anemia?

Answer 9

transfusions of healthy blood, bone marrow transplant

Question 10

sickle cell anemia

Answer 10

inherited gene results in abnormal hemoglobin that bends into a sickle shape when O2 levels are low; this results in deformed RBCs that rupture easily, and also tends to stick in blood vessels, cutting off blood supply to organs

Question 11

What is the treatment for sickle cell anemia?

Answer 11

analgestics for pain, antibiotics for infection, transfusion therapy, the drug HYDROXYURIA

Question 12

What are symtoms for sickle cell anemia?

Answer 12

severe anemia, bone pain, fever, infections (eg. leg ulcers), strokes, gasping for air

Question 13

hemorrhagic anemia

Answer 13

decline in RBCs due to excessive loss of blood

Question 14

What are causes of hemorrhagic anemia?

Answer 14

acute - large wounds

chronic - stomach ulcers, hemorrhoids, or heavy menstrual bleeding

Question 15

infectious mononucleosis

Answer 15

a highly contagious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus; usually transmitted through saliva; most common in young adults ages 15-20

Question 16

What is the diagnosis for infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 16

elevated WBCs (CBC) with an excessive number of abnormal agranulocytes (differential)

Question 17

What are some symptoms for infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 17

extreme fatigue, aches, dizzy, sore throat, enlarged and tender lymph nodes, low grade fever, malaise

Question 18

What is the treatment for infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 18

no cure - runs its course in a month; rest and vitamin B

Question 19

leukemia

Answer 19

“white blood condition” - group of cancers of the blood forming tissues

Question 20

acute leukemia

Answer 20

uncontrolled production and accumulation of immature WBCs - too immature to function

Question 21

chronic leukemia

Answer 21

accumulation of too many mature WBCs that do not die at the end of their normal life span - too old to function

Question 22

What are the symptoms of leukemia?

Answer 22

anemia, bleeding/internal hemorrhages, fever, weight loss, uncontrolled infection, bone pain

Question 23

What is the treatment for leukemia?

Answer 23

radiation and chemo may induce remission, bone marrow transplant

Question 24

myeloid leukemia

Answer 24

affects granulocytes, RBCs, platelets, monocytes

Question 25

lymphoid leukemia

Answer 25

affects lymphocytes

Question 26

How is leukemia classified?

Answer 26

acute or chronic
which stem cell is affected - myeloid or lymphoid

eg. CML - chronic myeloid leukemia