16-1: Characteristics and functions of blood Flashcards
The human body is __% water, found in 2 main compartments: ___ and ___.
60%; intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid
intracellular fluid
fluid found inside all body’s cells - 2/3 of all body fluid is ICF
extracellular fluid
fluid found outside cells - 1/3 of body fluid
What are the main two types of ECF?
interstitial fluid - ECF found in tiny spaces between tissue cells
plasma - ECF found inside blood vessels
What are the types of interstitial fluid?
lymph - found in lymphatic vessels
CSF - found around brain and spinal cord
Synovial fluid - inside of synovial joints
Fluid of the eyes - aqueous and vitreous humor
Fluid of the ears - endolymph and perilymph
Blood is the only ___ tissue in the body, and is a type of ___ tissue, made of ____ scattered in a ____.
fluid; connective; living blood cells; extracellular matrix (plasma)
What is the pH range of blood?
7.35 to 7.45
Blood temperature is about __.
38 deg. C (100.4 deg. F)
Blood salinity is about __.
0.9%
An avg adult male has between ___ L of blood; an adult female has between ___ L.
male: 5-6 L
female: 4-5 L
Oxygen-rich blood is ___ in color and oxygen-poor blood is ___.
bright red; dark red
What are the 3 main functions of blood?
- Transport (RBCs and plasma)
- Protection
- Regulation
What are the three transport functions of blood?
- O2 from lungs to cells, CO2 from cells to lungs
- Nutrients from GI tract to cells, and metabolic wastes away from cells to kidneys
- Hormones from endocrine grands to target cells
What are the two protection functions of blood?
- fluid loss through clotting mechanism (platelets)
2. foreign invaders (WBCs)
What are the three regulation functions of blood?
- body temperature (due to high specific heat of water and skin capillaries controlling heat loss)_
- Body pH (through blood buffer systems)
- Water content of the cells (osmotic pressure; through ions and proteins of blood)
What are the components of blood?
Plasma - 55% of volume
Formed elements - solid, living component at the bottom of the tube:
> RBCs - 45%
>buffy coat (>1%, WBCs and platelets)
plasma
clear, yellowish-colored matrix portion of blood (rises to the top of tube)
90% H2O (acts as a solvent, absorbs heat)
Carries most of the molecules needed by the cells
What are some examples of molecules carried in the plasma?
glucose, amino acids, hormones, enzymes, vitamins, some dissolved gasses
The most abundant group of solutes in the plasma are a group of ____.
plasma proteins (about 8%)
albumins
makes the blood viscous, maintains water balance between blood and tissues
globulins
include antibodies that help defend the body against foreign invaders
clotting proteins
essential role in blood clotting (eg. fibrinogen)
Formed elements
the solid, living component, made of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
