16-1: Characteristics and functions of blood

Question 1

The human body is __% water, found in 2 main compartments: ___ and ___.

Answer 1

60%; intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid

Question 2

intracellular fluid

Answer 2

fluid found inside all body’s cells - 2/3 of all body fluid is ICF

Question 3

extracellular fluid

Answer 3

fluid found outside cells - 1/3 of body fluid

Question 4

What are the main two types of ECF?

Answer 4

interstitial fluid - ECF found in tiny spaces between tissue cells

plasma - ECF found inside blood vessels

Question 5

What are the types of interstitial fluid?

Answer 5

lymph - found in lymphatic vessels

CSF - found around brain and spinal cord

Synovial fluid - inside of synovial joints

Fluid of the eyes - aqueous and vitreous humor

Fluid of the ears - endolymph and perilymph

Question 6

Blood is the only ___ tissue in the body, and is a type of ___ tissue, made of ____ scattered in a ____.

Answer 6

fluid; connective; living blood cells; extracellular matrix (plasma)

Question 7

What is the pH range of blood?

Answer 7

7.35 to 7.45

Question 8

Blood temperature is about __.

Answer 8

38 deg. C (100.4 deg. F)

Question 9

Blood salinity is about __.

Answer 9

0.9%

Question 10

An avg adult male has between ___ L of blood; an adult female has between ___ L.

Answer 10

male: 5-6 L
female: 4-5 L

Question 11

Oxygen-rich blood is ___ in color and oxygen-poor blood is ___.

Answer 11

bright red; dark red

Question 12

What are the 3 main functions of blood?

Answer 12

1. Transport (RBCs and plasma)
2. Protection
3. Regulation

Question 13

What are the three transport functions of blood?

Answer 13

1. O2 from lungs to cells, CO2 from cells to lungs
2. Nutrients from GI tract to cells, and metabolic wastes away from cells to kidneys
3. Hormones from endocrine grands to target cells

Question 14

What are the two protection functions of blood?

Answer 14

1. fluid loss through clotting mechanism (platelets)

2. foreign invaders (WBCs)

Question 15

What are the three regulation functions of blood?

Answer 15

1. body temperature (due to high specific heat of water and skin capillaries controlling heat loss)_
2. Body pH (through blood buffer systems)
3. Water content of the cells (osmotic pressure; through ions and proteins of blood)

Question 16

What are the components of blood?

Answer 16

Plasma - 55% of volume

Formed elements - solid, living component at the bottom of the tube:
> RBCs - 45%
>buffy coat (>1%, WBCs and platelets)

Question 17

plasma

Answer 17

clear, yellowish-colored matrix portion of blood (rises to the top of tube)

90% H2O (acts as a solvent, absorbs heat)

Carries most of the molecules needed by the cells

Question 18

What are some examples of molecules carried in the plasma?

Answer 18

glucose, amino acids, hormones, enzymes, vitamins, some dissolved gasses

Question 19

The most abundant group of solutes in the plasma are a group of ____.

Answer 19

plasma proteins (about 8%)

Question 20

albumins

Answer 20

makes the blood viscous, maintains water balance between blood and tissues

Question 21

globulins

Answer 21

include antibodies that help defend the body against foreign invaders

Question 22

clotting proteins

Answer 22

essential role in blood clotting (eg. fibrinogen)

Question 23

Formed elements

Answer 23

the solid, living component, made of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets