16-5: Blood Groups Flashcards
The surfaces of ___ carry genetically determined antigen proteins called ___.
RBCs; agglutinogens
ABO Blood Groups
Based on 2 surface proteins (agglutinogen A and B), creating 4 blood types.
Type A blood types have ___ antigens
Type B blood types have ___ antigens
Type AB blood types have ___ antigens
Type O blood types have ___ antigens
A; B; A and B; no
Blood plasma contains ___ that attack any agglutinogens ____.
agglutinins (preformed antibodies); not on their own TBCs
Type A blood types have ___ antibodies
Type B blood types have ___ antibodies
Type AB blood types have ____ antibodies
Type O blood types have ___ antibodies
anti-B; anti-A; no; anti-B and anti-A
Agglutination
transfusion reaction - when the wrong type of blood is given to someone in a transfuciton, the donated RBCs are attacked by the recipient’s plasma antibodies, causing the blood cells to clump (agglutinate) and become lodged in capillaries
During agglutination, the RBCs ___ within a few hours
undergo hemolysis
What are symptoms of an agglutination?
chills, fever, nausea, vomitting, low BP leading to shock
What is the treatment for an agglutination?
diuretics and push fluid, flushing out Hg to prevent kidney damaged
Agglutination may eventually lead to ___.
kidneys shutting down, becoming seriously damaged, or death
In a transfusion, we are interested in the interaction between the donor’s ___ and the recipient’s ___.
donor’s antigens on RBCs and recipients antibodies in plasma
Type A can donate to ___
A or AB
Type B can donate to ___
B or AB
Type AB can donate to ___
AB
Type O can donate to
A, B, AB, or O
Type A can receive from ___
A or O
Type B can receive from ___
B or O
Type AB can receive from ___
A, B, AB, or O
Type O can receive from ___
O
Which type is the universal donor?
type O
Which type is the universal recipient?
type AB
Rh blood groups were first identified in the blood of ___
Rhesus monkeys
Rh+
people whose RBCs have the Rh antigen on the surface of their RBCs
Rh-
people whose RBCs do not have the Rh antigen on the surface of their RBCs
Under normal conditions, the plasma of both Rh types ___ contain anti-Rh antibodies.
does not
What would cause agglutination and hemolysis for the Rh factor?
a second transfusion of Rh+ blood to Rh- type - after the first transfusion, the Rh- person will begin to make antibodies, but will not have a reaction due to the time needed to make the antibodies
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
If an Rh- mom and Rh+ dad have an Rh+ baby, during delivery, a small amount of the baby’s blood gets into mom’s blood and mom begins to make anti-Rh antibodies. The first baby is fine, but if she has a second Rh+ baby, her anti-Rh antibodies will cross the placenta and attach the baby’s RBCs causing hemolysis
What are the effects of hemolytic disease on the baby?
anemia > hypoxia > brain damage or possible death
What can be done for hemolytic disease?
blood transfusions before and after birth
How can hemolytic disease be prevented?
Rh- mom is given a shot of RhoGAM before and/or after delivery. RhoGAM is a synthetic anti-Rh antibody to tie up fetal antigens - prevents her immune system from seeing them and making her own
