1.6.1 & 1.6.2: Reversible Reaction and industrial processes Flashcards
As the reactants get used up…
The forward reaction slows down
As more product is formed…
The reverse reaction speeds ups
When it seems like nothing is happening…
the reaction is in dynamic equilibrium
Dynamic equilibrium
the concentrations of reactants and products stay constant
Closed system
nothing can get in or out
dynamic equilibrium occurs in a closed system
Le Chatelier’s principle
If a reaction at equilibrium is subjected to a change in concentration,pressure or temperature, the position of equilibrium will move to counteract the change.
Position of equilibrium moves to the left…
More reactants formed
position of equilibrium moves to the right…
More products formed
Homogeneous equilibria
Reactions where every species is in the same state
Conditions that affect equilibria
3
temperature
concentration
pressure
Increase in concentration of reactant or product
equilibrium shifts to the opposite side to remove the extra product or reactant
Pressure only affects substances in which state
equilibria involving gases
Increasing pressure
shifts equilibrium to the side with less gas molecules
Increasing the temperature
equilibrium shifts in the endothermic direction to absorb this heat
Decreasing the temperature
equilibrium shifts in the exothermic direction to produce more heat
