16) Withdrawal, partition and independence, 1947–48 Flashcards
Who was the Foreign Secretary of the British government in 1945?
Ernest Bevin
Which province went into a state of riot while Mountbatten was in Delhi?
The Punjab
When did Mountbatten become Viceroy?
15 August 1947
What percentage of the population in the Punjab were Muslim in 1947?
56% (lead by Hindu, Sikh, non-Muslim alliance by Khizr Hayat Khan)
When did Khizr Hayat Khan resign?
March 1947
After the resignation of Khizr Hayat Khan the Muslim League attempted to form its own administration. What did the Sikh population call for?
A direct action day against the Muslim League
What were two other centres of violence besides the Punjab?
Amritsar and Lahore
In which province did the Muslim League launch their own campaign of civil disobedience?
The North West Frontier Province
Where did Gandhi go in 1947 in order to convince the Hindu population to stop the killing of Muslims on a large scale?
Bihar
Who was Mountbatten’s Chief of Staff?
Lord Ismay
When were Plan Balkan and the Mountbatten Plan formed?
April and May of 1947
What was Plan Balkan?
Each state could decide their own future
What was the Mountbatten Plan?
Partition, the formation of Pakistan and India
Who was Mountbatten’s Commander-in-Chief?
Claude Auchinleck
When was it announced to the House of Commons that two separate of dominions of India and Pakistan?
15 July 1947 (it would occur in one month time)
Who led the Boundary Commission?
Sir Cyril Radcliffe
Which town changed from being within Pakistan to then within India after a meeting between Sir Cyril Radcliffe, Mountbatten and Lord Ismay on 11 August?
Fizopur
Who was the Head of India’s political department?
Conrad Corfield (Corfield and the Princely States were ignored by Mountbatten, later fired by Mountbatten)
What agreement did Conrad Corfield (the Head of India’s political department) and Lord Listowel (Secretary of State for India) reach in 1947?
The Princely states would become autonomous and not become a part of either India or Pakistan. (Corfield was fired as a result of this agreement)
When did Mountbatten hold a conference with the Princely states?
25 July 1947
What did Mountbatten announce at the conference with the Princely States?
They would either become part of India or Pakistan
When dividing the assets and liabilities, how were they to be split percentage wise?
82.5% and 17.5% (India and Pakistan)
How many people tried to change lands in the summer of 1947?
10 million people
How many people died as a result of people trying to change lands in the summer of 1947?
1 million
How many soldiers were tasked with guarding the boundary of the new frontiers?
50,000
When was the Indian Independence Act finally given Royal Assent?
18 July 1947
What was the appointed date for the official partition?
15 August 1947
What replaced the Indian Civil Service?
Indian Administrative Service
When was Gandhi assassinated?
30 January 1948
How many Muslims remained in the South of India due to inability to reach Pakistan?
30 million
When was Liaquat Ali Khan assassinated?
1951
When did Bangladesh become an independent state?
1971
