[16] Rosacea

Question 1

What is rosacea?

Answer 1

A chronic relapsing disease of the facial skin

Question 2

What causes rosacea?

Answer 2

Unknown

Question 3

What plays a role in the development of rosacea?

Answer 3

Things that cause episodes of flushing and blushing

Question 4

What things that cause flushing can lead to the development of rosacea?

Answer 4

• Temperature extremes
• Strenuous exercise
• Heat from sunlight
• Severe sunburn
• Stress
• Anxiety
• Cold wind
• Moving to a warm or hot environment from a cold one

Question 5

What medications have been known to trigger rosacea flares?

Answer 5

• Amiodarone
• B6
• B12

Question 6

What is a subtype of rosacea triggered by a specific medication?

Answer 6

Steroid-induced rosacea

Question 7

What are the risk factors for rosacea?

Answer 7

• Fair skin

- Family history

Question 8

What are the 4 types of rosacea, that have different presentations?

Answer 8

• Papulopustular rosacea
• Phymatous rosacea
• Ocular rosacea
• Erythematotelangiectactic rosacea

Question 9

Which type of rosacea is the classical presentation?

Answer 9

Papulopustular rosacea

Question 10

What are the features of papulopustular rosacea?

Answer 10

• Red central portion of the face
• Small erythematous papules surmounted by pinpoint pustules
• May have flushing
• Telangiectasia

Question 11

What are the features of phymatous rosacea?

Answer 11

• Marked skin thickening

- Irregular surface nodularities of nose, chin, forehead, one or both ears and/or eyelids

Question 12

When can ocular rosacea present?

Answer 12

May precede cutaneous form by years

Question 13

What are the ocular signs of ocular rosacea?

Answer 13

• Blepharitis
• Conjuctivitis
• inflammation of lids and meibomian glands
• Interpalpebral conjunctival hyperaemia
• Conjunctival telangiectasia

Question 14

What are the features of erythematotelangiectactic rosacea?

Answer 14

• Central flushing
• Fine textured skin
• Erythematous areas with rough scale
• Progression to permanent erythema and telangiectasia

Question 15

What is central flushing in erythematotelangiectactic rosacea often associated with?

Answer 15

• Burning
• Stinging
• Itching

Question 16

What areas are often spared by redness in erythematotelangiectactic rosacea?

Answer 16

Around the eyes

Question 17

How is rosacea diagnosed?

Answer 17

Clinicallly

Question 18

What are the differentials for rosacea?

Answer 18

• Acne
• Peri-oral dermatitis
• Seborrhoeic dermatitis
• Dermatomyositis
• Lupus

Question 19

What does the treatment of rosacea depend on?

Answer 19

The severity and type of rosacea present

Question 20

What is the main effect of rosacea?

Answer 20

Psychological implications

Question 21

What are the non-drug management options for rosacea?

Answer 21

• Avoid aggravating factors
• Avoid precipitating factors
• Facial massage
• Sunscreen application

Question 22

What should patients be reassured about in terms of rosacea?

Answer 22

It’s a benign condition with relatively rare complications

Question 23

What drugs can mild to moderate rosacea be treated with?

Answer 23

• Topical metronidazole

Question 24

What drugs can be used for moderate to severe papulopustular rosacea?

Answer 24

Oral antibiotics

Question 25

What can occasionally be used in refractory cases of rosacea?

Answer 25

Isotretinoin

Question 26

What are some non-pharmacological therapies for rosacea?

Answer 26

• Laser treatment

- Camouflage treatment

Question 27

What is the main complication of rosacea?

Answer 27

Rhinophyma

Question 28

What is rhinophyma?

Answer 28

Development of large, bullous nose associated with granulomatous inflammation