[14] Viral Warts Flashcards

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1
Q

What are warts?

A

Typically small, rough and hard growths similar in colour to the rest of the skin

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2
Q

How can warts be classified?

A

Based on shape and site affected

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3
Q

Give some types of wart?

A
  • Common wart
  • Flat wart
  • Genital wart
  • Plantar wart
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4
Q

What is a common wart?

A

A raised wart with a roughened surface, common on the hands but can appear anywhere

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5
Q

What is a flat wart?

A

A small, smooth, flattened, flesh coloured wart.

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6
Q

Where do flat warts commonly grow?

A
  • Face
  • Neck
  • Hands
  • Wrists
  • Knees
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7
Q

What is a plantar wart also known as?

A

Verruca

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8
Q

What is a verruca?

A

A hard, sometimes painful lump often with multiple black specks in the centre

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9
Q

Where are verrucas usually found?

A

Pressure points on the soles of the feet

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10
Q

What are the characteristic features of a common wart under a microscope?

A
  • Thickened stratum corneum (hyperkeratosis)
  • Thickened stratum spinosum (acanthosis)
  • Thickened stratum granulosum
  • Large blood vessels at the dermoepidermal junction
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11
Q

What type of virus causes warts?

A

HPV

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12
Q

What are the most common causes of common warts?

A

HPV 2 and 4

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13
Q

What is the most common cause of verrucas?

A

HPV 1

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14
Q

What are anogenital warts most commonly caused by?

A

HPV 6 and 11

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15
Q

How is HPV acquired?

A

Direct contact with affected individual or from the environment e.g. contaminated surfaces

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16
Q

What is likely to contribute to development of warts?

A

Trauma and wetness

17
Q

What can cause a wart to spread from one area to another?

A

Trauma and scratching

18
Q

What does not cause warts?

A

Toads?🐸

19
Q

What are the risk factors for warts?

A
  • Use of public showers
  • Working with meat
  • Eczema
  • Immunocompromised
20
Q

Do warts usually cause symptoms?

A

Only pain in verrucas

21
Q

How can warts appear on dermatoscope?

A

With fingerlike or knoblike extensions

22
Q

What are the differentials for viral warts?

A
  • Actinic keratosis
  • Cutaneous horn
  • Lichen planus
  • Molluscum contagiosum
  • Seborrhoeic keratosis
  • Malignancy
  • Corns and calluses
23
Q

What are the management options for viral warts?

A
  • Nothing
  • Topical salicylic acid
  • Cryotherapy
  • Other treatments in secondary care
24
Q

Why do warts not always need treatment?

A
  • They self-resolve

- Treatment is time-consuming and may have side-effects

25
Q

What is the first-line therapy for viral warts

A

Topical salicylic acid

26
Q

What is the treatment regimen for viral warts with salicylic acid?

A

Daily treatment for at least 12 weeks

27
Q

How often is cryotherapy needed to remove warts?

A

Every 2 weeks until wart has gone (up to 4 months)

28
Q

What are the problems with cryotherapy for viral warts?

A
  • Can be painful
  • Can cause blistering
  • Should be avoided in children
29
Q

How else may viral warts be treated in secondary care?

A
  • Removal by surgery, laser or photodynamic therapy
  • Anti-mitotic agents
  • Virucidal agents
  • Immunomodulatory agents
30
Q

Why may a referral to secondary care be needed in viral warts?

A
  • Uncertain diagnosis
  • Persistant symptomatic warts
  • Multiple warts in immunocompromised individuals
  • Facial warts
  • Extensive coverage
31
Q

What is not recommended as a treatment for warts?

A

Touching a toad under a full moon????🐸🌝