16: Immunology of Vaccines Flashcards
1
Q
viral attenuated vaccines
A
weakened “live” virus
- weakened via prolonged passage of virus in other hosts to decrease human pathogenicity
- good antibody production and cell-mediated immunity
2
Q
viral inactivated vaccines
A
inactivated “dead” virus
- chemical treatment to inactivate the virus
- safer, but lower level of protection generated in comparison to attenuated vaccines
3
Q
viral subunit vaccines
A
- consist of a single viral protein
4
Q
bacterial inactivated vaccines
A
- bacteria are heat killed to provide an antigen source
* no longer in use
5
Q
bacterial toxoid vaccines
A
- bacterial toxoids are detoxified without the loss of immunogenicity
- will not eradicate bacteria, but will neutralize the toxins that cause disease. bacteria will be eliminated by host defense mechanisms.
6
Q
bacterial conjugate vaccines
A
- “fools” a full immune response to just carbohydrate antigens
- conjugated polysaccharides from bacteria to a protein carrier –> full IgG and memory response
7
Q
Hepatitis B Vaccine
A
- Viral SUBUNIT [ recombinant protein grown in yeast HBsAG)
8
Q
DTaP
diptheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis vaccine
A
- bacterial TOXOID vaccine
- formaldehyde treated toxin for diptheria and tetanus to create toxoid
- toxic subunit mutated to nontoxic and added to other 4 native subunits for pertussis
9
Q
Hemophilus influenzae type B vaccine
A
- capsular polysaccharide-protein CONJUGATE vaccine
- proteins conjugated to capsular polysaccharides which are very immunogenic like toxoids for example
10
Q
Meningococcal Vaccine (MCV4 or Menactra)
A
- protects against 4 groups of neisseria meningitidis that cause meningitis (5th group is not included)
- CONJUGATE VACCINE
11
Q
Polio Vaccine
A
- live ATTENUATED Sabian vaccine (no longer used in the US)
- INACTIVATED Salk vaccine
- live protected at the gut level, the inactivated protects at the CNS level
12
Q
Mumps, Measles, Rubella Vaccine MMR
A
- live ATTENUATED vaccine
- Rubella/German measels is the only example where vaccination of one population (moms) is meant to protect another population (babies)
13
Q
Varicella (Chicken Pox)
A
- live ATTENUATED vaccine
- doesn’t completely protect you from mild chickenpox, but does protect you from severe
14
Q
Rotavirus Vaccine
A
- RRV-TV live ATTENUATED rhesus virus expressing human virus VP7 antigen
- rotavirus is the most common diarrheal pathogen in children worldwide
15
Q
Pnemococcal Vaccine
A
- CONJUGATE vaccine against classical pneumonia
* Kills more people in US each year than all other vaccine-preventable diseases combined
