13: Tumor Immunology Flashcards
carcinoma
epithelial
sarcoma
muscle
lymphoma
solid lymph
leukemia
lymphocytes and other hematopoietic cells
tumor specific v. tumor associated
specific only on tumor antigen
associated ob both tumor and normal
oncofetal protein
tumor associated antigen
expressed on fetal but not adult tissues
alpha fetal protein
tumor associated antigen
produced by certain liver cancers
carcinoembryonic antigen
increased in colon cancers and smokers
oncogenic virral antigens
from viruses associated with tumor development
EBV epstein barr virus
DNA virus
Associated with B cell lymphomas
HPV human papilloma virus
DNA virus
Associated with cervical carcinoma
HTLV-1
RNA virus
Associated with adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (CD4 cells)
Differentiation antigens
expressed at different stages of development
Can tell you where tumor derived from
Antigen: CD10/CALLA, Immunoglobulin
Tissue of origin: B lymphocytes
*B cell leukemias and lymphomas
Antigen: IL2, TCR, CD45R, CD4/CD8
Tissue of origin: T lymphocytes
*T cell leukemias and lymphomas
Antigen: S-100
Tissue of origin: Neural crest derived tissue
*Melanomas
Antigen: Cytokeratin
Tissue of origin: epithelial
*Carcinoma
CTLs
produced against carcinomas, sarcomas, and virus-induced tumors
*most effective against virus-induced tumors
TILs
tumor infiltrating lymphocyte found in solid tumors
largely composed of anti-tumor CTLs
NK cells
produced against tumors of hematopoietic origin and those that are virus induced
Enhance NK cell lysis of tumor cells
INF, TNFalpha, and IL2
LAK lymphokine activated killer cells
NK cells grown with high levels of IL2
Kill better and with broader specificity
Macrophages
Kill tumor cells directly by ADCC or release of TNFalpha
Tumor evasion strategies
- downregulate class I MHC to escape CTLs
- MHC that can’t bind tumor antigen so no antigen presentation
- induce tolerance because presented without any costimualtory molecules
- Selection of harder to destroy tumor cells
