12: Autoimmunity Flashcards
1
Q
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
A
- RBC antibodies produced against RBC membrane proteins
- Intravascular hemolysis or extravascular hemolysis
2
Q
goodpasture’s syndrome
A
- autoanitbodies against type IV collagen of lung and kidney
- complement activation leads to kidney damage, pulmonary hemorrhage and death
- smooth, ribbon-like appearance
3
Q
Pernicious anemia
A
- autoanitbodies to intrinsic factor and/or gastric parietal cells
- decreased absorption of vitamin B12 leads to anemia
4
Q
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
A
- hypothyroid state
- autoantibodes and autoreactive t cells to thyroid gland proteins
5
Q
Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP)
A
- platelets destroyed by autoantibodies to platelet membrane proteins
- pupura: skin lesions due to epidermal hemorrhage
- IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin) can prevent destruction of platelets
6
Q
Vitiligo
A
- depigmentation of the skin by destruction of melanocytes
7
Q
Grave’s disease
A
- autoantibodies against TSH receptor, antibody stimulates receptor without ligand
- hyperthyroidism
8
Q
Myasthenia gravis
A
- autoantibodies to nAch receptor on skeletal muscle cells
- blockage of neuromuscular transmission leads to muscle weakness and paralysis
- antibody inhibits binding of ligand to receptor
9
Q
Type 1 diabetes
A
- glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia through immune-mediated destruction of insulin-secreting beta cells in the pancreas
- autoreactive T cells mediate the destruction of b cells, autoantibodies to b cells are diagnostic
10
Q
Multiple scelorsis
A
- demyelinating disease of the CNS
- TH1 and TH17 cells specific for myelin antigens become activated which drives macrophage activation and subsequent damage to myelin-containing nerve cells
- therapy: INFbetaB on alternate days, INFbetaA weekly and IV steroids
11
Q
SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
A
- systemic constellation of autoantibodies stemming from a broad loss of regulatory control that sustains self-tolerance
- Most commonly skin, joints, and kidney
- damage from immune complexes (can deposit on renal podocytes because they express CR1)
- may develop type II hypersensitivity as well against RBC, WBC and platelets
12
Q
RA rheumatoid arthritis
A
- systemic
- destruction of joint cartilage and inflammation of synovium (also pulmonary, cardiac, and ocular manifestations)
- associated withi HLA-DR4 haplotype
- cell-mediated type IV hypersensitivity
13
Q
Controlling the role of TNFalpha in RA
A
- etanercept: TNFalpha type II receptor fused to IgG1 antibody sponges up free TNFalpha
- infliximab:mouse/human anti-TNFalpha antibody
- adalimumab: recombinant human anti-TNF antibody
14
Q
Sjogren’s syndrome
A
- dry eyes and mouth due to the destruction of lacrimal and salivary glands
- B and T cells influx into glands, don’t know which causes the damage
15
Q
Scleroderma (progressive systemic sclerosis)
A
- excessive deposition of collagen in skin, kidney, GI, heart, muscles, lungs
- antinuclear antibodies
- cyclical pattern: T cells hypersensitive to collagen release IL1 and TNFalpha which leads to the production of more collagen
