1.6 Ethical, Legal, Cultural, Environmental Flashcards
Arguments for internet regulation
-the internet is no different to other media: radio, TV, newspapers, etc.
-the Internet has harmful, offensive and illegal content
-children should be better protected
-profit making organizations on the Internet should share responsibility for policing the internet they have created
Arguments against internet regulation
-Freedom of expression is an absolute right
-the Internet is different to other media because anyone can be an author and broadcaster
-the Internet grows too quickly for filtering to be effective
-censorship is bad for democracy
-parents should take more responsibility
Cultural impacts
-impact on daily lives and routines
-the digital divide
-globalization
-faster communication
Cultural impacts - impact of technology on our daily lives
-changing people’s lifestyle
-increased dependency
Cultural impacts - the digital divide
-Access to technology and the Internet is not the same across the world
-people living in poverty can’t learn from the Internet as they can’t afford it
-inequality from the uneven distribution of technology
Cultural impacts - globalization
-Impacts on the values and expectations of the people in each country
-developing countries risk to lose their cultural identities and assimilating themselves into an increasingly westernized world
Cultural impacts - Faster communication
-contributed to the rise of democracy
-working towards alleviation of poverty
-increased cultural awareness and diversity
Pros and cons of restricting access to the Internet
Pros:
-limiting public exposure to content that may ignite sociopolitical unrest
-preventing violations of national laws
-preventing violations of hate speech, ethics or morality-based laws
Cons:
-preventing criticism of a ruler, government, or religion
Environmental impacts
-Appetite for technology puts a huge demand on our natural resources which are finite - 2% of global energy consumption is used by data centers
-Disposal of computing technology - often shipped to third world countries for disposals. People go through old computers to salvage raw materials and exposes them to dangerous chemicals and environments
Social impacts
-using technology to replace/ improve an existing service e.g. banking apps, shopping online, etc.
Pros:
-increased profits
-increased production
-24/7 access
Cons:
-loss of jobs
-less overheads: staff, buildings, utility bills
-less personal service
Privacy breaches
-number plate recognition
-face recognition
-electronic tagging
-cell phone location and GPS technology
-recording internet browsing history
-retention of personal data
-smart listening devices
Arguments for privacy issues
-data encryption makes it private
-voice input is convenient - the next step in user interfaces
-processing sound data allows for additional functionality - can assist disabled users
-intelligence may save lives
-if you have nothing to hide then privacy is not an issue
-data is not recorded for other purposes
Arguments against privacy issues
-invasion of privacy
-TV may also be taking video footage
-data sent over the Internet for processing and may not be used just for the purpose intended
3 Computing-related legislation
-DPA 2018 (Data Protection Act)
-CMA 1990 (Computer Misuse Act)
-COPA 1998 (Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1998)
DPA 2018
Data Protection Act 2018
Data:
-processed lawfully and fairly
-collected for specified, legitimate reasons
-must be relevant
-must be accurate and kept to date
-must be no longer than necessary
-data processed securely
-be able to ensure than data protection is sufficient
CMA 1990
Computer Misuse Act
-unauthorized access (Lvl 1)
-unauthorized access with intent (Lvl 2)
-unauthorized modification or deletion (Lvl 3)
CDPA 1998
Copyright Designs and Patents Act
-theft by stealing other people’s business ideas
-software piracy
-using software without correct license
-the use of ICT to copy media to avoid paying
-protects the owner
Open source
Free of copyright and is available to anyone
Proprietary
Software that is copyrighted, which means it can only be obtained by paying for a licence
Open source advantages
-costs nothing
-anyone can modify the software for their own purposes
-can have many authors - enables programmers to contribute to the development of a program over time
Open source disadvantages
-no guarantee that it works properly as there is no requirement for anyone to ensure it is bug free
-support may not be readily available
Proprietary software advantages
-should be free of bugs. Updates (patches) are usually provided free of charge
-help can be sought from the organization who supplied the software if problems occurs
-feature updates which extend the software’s facilities are often available
Proprietary software disadvantages
-there is an initial or subscription cost
-software cannot be adapted to meet the needs of the user
-limited to a single computer or network, user may not redistribute the software
