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AQA A-Level Biology 1-4 > 1.6 Energy And ATP > Flashcards

1.6 Energy And ATP Flashcards

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1
Q

What is energy?

A

The ability to do work

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2
Q

What acronym helps remember energy forms?

A

Most kids hate learning GCSE energy names

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3
Q

What forms can energy take?

A 
Mechanical 
Kinetic
Heat
Light
Gravitational potential 
Chemical
Sound
Electric
Elastic potential 
Nuclear
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4
Q

What is the conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred from one form to another

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5
Q

What is energy measured in?

A

Joules

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6
Q

What is the main reactant in for energy?

A

ATP

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8
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

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9
Q

What is ATP?

A

A store of energy

A phosphorylated macromolecule

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10
Q

What is ATP made up of generally?

A

The nucleotide contains:

One 5 carbon sugar
A Base
3 phosphate groups

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11
Q

What is ATP made of exactly?

A

Ribose
Adenine (alkaline properties)
3 phosphate groups

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12
Q

What two ways can ATP be drawn?

A

Ribose - hexagon
Adenine - rectangle on the top left corner
3 phosphates - 3 circles on the top right corner

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13
Q

What is ATP made from? What process?

A

Made from glucose

In respiration

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14
Q

How much ATP is produced from 1 glucose molecule?

A

38 molecules of ATP

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15
Q

How is energy released from ATP? What process?

A

The breakdown of ATP in removal of 1 phosphate group using ATP hydrolase

Hydrolysis
Exothermic

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16
Q

What is produced from the hydrolysis of ATP?

A

ADP - Adenosine Diphosphate
An inorganic phosphate group
Energy

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17
Q

What is added and what enzyme is used in the hydrolysis of ATP?

A

A water molecule

ATP hydrolase

18
Q

What is the reaction for synthesising ATP?

A

It’s a reverse reaction

ADP + PO4 + energy -> ATP + H2O

19
Q

What kind of reaction is the synthesis for ATP?

A

Condensation
Endothermic
Reverse

20
Q

What enzyme is used to synthesis ATP?

A

ATP sythase

21
Q

Why is ATP continuously made?

A

It is unstable so there is only ever a 3 second supply in a cell

Constantly broken then synthesised

22
Q

What is the inorganic phosphate?

A

Not alive just matter

Floats around in the cytoplasm

23
Q

What is it called when a phosphate group is added to ADP?

A

Phosphorylation

24
Q

What are the three types of phosphorylation?

A

Photo phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation
Substrate - level phosphorylation

25
Q

What is photo phosphorylation?

A

Takes place in ‘chlorophyll containing’ plant cells during photosynthesis

26
Q

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Occurs in the mitochondria of plant and animal cells during the process of electron transport

27
Q

How is the synthesis similar in photo and oxidative phosphorylation?

A

The ATP is synthesised using energy released during the transfer of electrons along a chain of electron carrier molecules in chloroplasts or mitochondria

28
Q

What is substrate-level phosphorylation

A

Occurs in plant and animal cells when phosphate groups are transferred from donor molecules to ADP to make ATP

29
Q

What features of ATP make it an immediate source of energy?

A

Energy is released in a simple single step reaction
Releases small amounts of efficient energy for jobs that need doing
Can be readily moved as it is soluble

30
Q

What is ATP a source of energy for?

A

Metabolic processes - assimilation of macromolecule from small ones
Movement
Active transport - energy to change shape of the carrier protein
Secretion - needed to form lysosomes
Activation of molecules

31
Q

What is the activation of molecules?

A

The phosphate group released from ATP when hydrolysed can phosphorylate other molecules to make them more reactive thus lowering the activation energy

32
Q

What property does ATP have that allows it to release energy?

A

An unstable bond between the middle and last phosphate
This has a low activation energy which means this bond can be broken easily
When it breaks it releases a considerable amount of energy

AQA A-Level Biology 1-4 (20 decks)

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