1.6: Cell Cycle & DNA Structure (quiz)

Question 1

cell cycle

Answer 1

all stages in the life cycle of a cell

Question 2

G1

Answer 2

• DNA transcription
• protein synthesis (centrioles)
• cell Respiration (produces energy)
• growth of cell volume
• organelles double (mitochondria & chloroplast)
• increase in energy stored

Question 3

S

Answer 3

• synthesis of genetic material
• DNA replication
• duplication of chromosomes into sister chromatids

Question 4

G2

Answer 4

• growth & production of components needed for cell division (mitosis & cytokinesis)

Question 5

G0

Answer 5

the stage where cells are unlikely to divide (ex: neurons)

Question 6

mitosis

Answer 6

nuclear division; split into 4 parts: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, & telophase

Question 7

4 processes which involve mitosis

Answer 7

• growth
• asexual reproduction
• tissue repair
• embryonic development

Question 8

4 phases in mitosis

Answer 8

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 9

prophase

Answer 9

• DNA and proteins condense into tightly coiled chromosomes (& become 2 sister chromatids)
• nuclear envelope breaks down
• centrioles begin to move to opposite poles
• spindle fibers form between 2 centrosomes
• chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers at their centromeres

Question 10

metaphase

Answer 10

• spindle fibers attach to each chromosome
• Microtubule depolymerisation causes spindle fibres to shorten in length and contract
• chromosomes align at the equator

Question 11

anaphase

Answer 11

• centromeres divide
• sister chromatids separate to opposite sides of the cell
• spindle fibers begin to shorten

Question 12

telophase

Answer 12

• Once the two chromosome sets arrive at the poles, spindle fibers dissolve
• Chromosomes split apart (no longer visible under light microscope)
• Nuclear membranes reform around each chromosome set
• Cytokinesis occurs concurrently, splitting the cell into two

Question 13

cytokinesis in plant & animal cells

Answer 13

plant: vesicles containing cell wall material line up between two nuclei. they form a cell plate, which then forms a new cell wall & create daughter cells
animal: animal cells form a cleavage furrow

Question 14

cytokinesis

Answer 14

division of cytoplasm

Question 15

mitosis vs cytokinesis

Answer 15

Both Mitosis and Cytokinesis are a part of cell division. Basically, Mitosis is a process by which the duplicated genome in a cell is separated into halves that are identical in nature. Cytokinesis is the process where the cytoplasm of the cell divides to form two ‘daughter’ cells - Mitosis refers the the division of the nucleus where as cytokinesis is splitting of the cytoplasm (and the organelles in it)

Question 16

describe the formation of the cleavage furrow in animal cell cytokinesis

Answer 16

A ring of centractile proteins at the cell equator constrict, pulling in the cell membrane and creating a cleavage furrow. The cleavage furrow continues to pinch in until the two sides are touching creating two cells.

Question 17

describe the formation of the middle lamella and cell wall in plant cell cytokinesis

Answer 17

The middle lamella is a layer of pectin (a polysaccharide carbohydrate) which cements the cell walls of two adjoining plant cells together. The Golgi buds vesicles containing pectin. These vesicles move to and align at the cell equator. The vesicles fuse, forming a continuous phospholipid membrane with pectin. “ Cell Plate” Additional vesicles bring and secrete cellulose to the cell plate forming the cell wall.

Question 18

Mitosis is division of the nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei. State the function of mitosis.

Answer 18

The f(x) of mitosis is to create two daughter cells with genetically identical nuclei.