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204 THEME 2 MSK > 16. Anatomy of leg and foot > Flashcards

16. Anatomy of leg and foot Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the foot

A

Support body weight
Stability/standing
Locomotion/propulsion
Shock absorption

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2
Q

Tarsal bones of the foot [7]

A

Calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and the medial, middle, and lateral cuneiforms

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3
Q

Movements of foot

A 
Dorsiflexion/extension
plantarflexion/flexion 
Eversion 
Inversion
Supination
Pronation
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4
Q

Ankle

A
  • Articulation between talus and tibia/fibula
  • Synovial hinge joint
  • Stabilized by collateral ligament
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5
Q

Lateral ligament

A

lateral malleolus to talus/calcaneous

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6
Q

Medial/deltoid ligament

A

Medial malleolus to talus/calcaneuos/navicular

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7
Q

Subtalar

A

intertarsal joint
between talus and calcaeneous

allows inversion and eversion

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8
Q

Transverse tarsal joint

A

compound joint

between (1) talus and navicular (2) and calcaneous and cuboid

important for standing on uneven ground
between forefoot and hindfoot

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9
Q

Plantar aponeurosis

A
  • Thickening of deep fascia
  • Protects underlying structures
  • Supports longitudinal arch
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10
Q

Plantar fasciaitis

A

inflammation of plantar aponeurosis

due to overuse

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11
Q

Longitudinal and transverse arches

A

shock absorbers during locomotion

acts as springboaders

distribution of weight

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12
Q

Longitudinal arch

-What is pes planus

A

Lateral and medial

Pes planus is flat feet- due to loss of medial longitudinal arch (seen in elderly, children)

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13
Q

Muscles of anterior compartment

-Function and innervation

A

extension/dorsiflexion
inversion

Supplied by deep fibular nerve

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14
Q

Muscles of posterior compartment

-Function and innervation

A

Superficial group: plantarflexion, flexion of leg at knee joint

Deep group: Plantar flex, invert foot + flex toes

Tibial nerve

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15
Q

Muscles in lateral compartment

-Function and innervation

A

Eversion

Superficial fibular nerve

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16
Q

Muscles of anterior compartment [3]

  • names
  • origin and insertion
A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor digitorum longus - to distal and middle phalanges of d2-5
  • Extensor hallucis longus

Origin: tibia and fibula

Passes under retinaculum

17
Q

function of retinaculum

A

Prevents bowing of the tendons

18
Q

Posterior compartment of leg (superficial group)

  • names
  • origin and insertion
A

Superficial group

  • Gastrocnemius- 2 bellies (origin: condyles of femur)
  • Soleus (origin: tibia and fibula
  • Plantaris (origin: femur)
19
Q

Gastrocnemius muscle

A

Origin: condyles of femur

  • Posterior compartment of leg
  • 2 bellies
  • Inferior border of the popliteal fossa
  • Produces large tendon called Tendo calcaneous (Achilles tendon)
20
Q

Popliteal fossa

A

Borders are

-Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, Gastrocnemius

21
Q

Soleus

A

Origin: tibia and fibula

powerful plantar flexor

22
Q

Posterior compartment of leg (deep group)

A

Origin: tibia + fibula

Flexor digitorum longus, Tibialis posterior, Flexor hallucis longus

23
Q

Lateral compartment of foot

A

Evert foot

Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis

Supplied by superficial fibular nerve

24
Q

Fibularis longus

A

Origin: fibula

Insertion: Medial cuneiform + 1st metatarsal

function: everts and plantar flexes foot

Supplied by superficial fibular nerve

25
Q

Fibularis brevis

A

Origin: fibula

Insertion: 5th metatarsal

function: eversion

Supplied by superficial fibular nerve

26
Q

Which muscle maintains the transverse arch of the foot?

A

Maintains transverse arch

27
Q

Blood supply to the posterior compartment

A

Popliteal artery (ant and post tibial artery)

fibular artery

28
Q

Tarsal tunnel

  • contents
  • damage
A

Tom, Dick and Harry

Tibialis posterior

Flexor digitorum longus

Posterior tibial artery/vein

tibial nerve

Flexor hallucis longus

damage is due to trauma to tibial nerve

29
Q

Foot drop?

A

Trauma to common fibular nerve

30
Q

Common fibular nerve

A

Motor:
Deep – anterior compartment of leg
+ dorsal intrinsic muscles

Superficial – lateral compartment of leg

31
Q

Summary of nerve supply to the leg

A

supplied by terminal branches of sciatic nerve

Tibial- Posterior compartment

Deep fibular- Anterior compartment

Superficial fibular- Lateral compartment

32
Q

Blood supply to the anterior compartment

A

Anterior tibial artery

Sits beside the extensor hallucis longus tendon

Dorsalis pedis

Anastomosis with deep plantar arch

204 THEME 2 MSK (25 decks)

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