16. Anatomy of leg and foot Flashcards
Function of the foot
Support body weight
Stability/standing
Locomotion/propulsion
Shock absorption
Tarsal bones of the foot [7]
Calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and the medial, middle, and lateral cuneiforms
Movements of foot
Dorsiflexion/extension plantarflexion/flexion Eversion Inversion Supination Pronation
Ankle
- Articulation between talus and tibia/fibula
- Synovial hinge joint
- Stabilized by collateral ligament
Lateral ligament
lateral malleolus to talus/calcaneous
Medial/deltoid ligament
Medial malleolus to talus/calcaneuos/navicular
Subtalar
intertarsal joint
between talus and calcaeneous
allows inversion and eversion
Transverse tarsal joint
compound joint
between (1) talus and navicular (2) and calcaneous and cuboid
important for standing on uneven ground
between forefoot and hindfoot
Plantar aponeurosis
- Thickening of deep fascia
- Protects underlying structures
- Supports longitudinal arch
Plantar fasciaitis
inflammation of plantar aponeurosis
due to overuse
Longitudinal and transverse arches
shock absorbers during locomotion
acts as springboaders
distribution of weight
Longitudinal arch
-What is pes planus
Lateral and medial
Pes planus is flat feet- due to loss of medial longitudinal arch (seen in elderly, children)
Muscles of anterior compartment
-Function and innervation
extension/dorsiflexion
inversion
Supplied by deep fibular nerve
Muscles of posterior compartment
-Function and innervation
Superficial group: plantarflexion, flexion of leg at knee joint
Deep group: Plantar flex, invert foot + flex toes
Tibial nerve
Muscles in lateral compartment
-Function and innervation
Eversion
Superficial fibular nerve
Muscles of anterior compartment [3]
- names
- origin and insertion
- Tibialis anterior
- Extensor digitorum longus - to distal and middle phalanges of d2-5
- Extensor hallucis longus
Origin: tibia and fibula
Passes under retinaculum
function of retinaculum
Prevents bowing of the tendons
Posterior compartment of leg (superficial group)
- names
- origin and insertion
Superficial group
- Gastrocnemius- 2 bellies (origin: condyles of femur)
- Soleus (origin: tibia and fibula
- Plantaris (origin: femur)
Gastrocnemius muscle
Origin: condyles of femur
- Posterior compartment of leg
- 2 bellies
- Inferior border of the popliteal fossa
- Produces large tendon called Tendo calcaneous (Achilles tendon)
Popliteal fossa
Borders are
-Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Origin: tibia and fibula
powerful plantar flexor
Posterior compartment of leg (deep group)
Origin: tibia + fibula
Flexor digitorum longus, Tibialis posterior, Flexor hallucis longus
Lateral compartment of foot
Evert foot
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Supplied by superficial fibular nerve
Fibularis longus
Origin: fibula
Insertion: Medial cuneiform + 1st metatarsal
function: everts and plantar flexes foot
Supplied by superficial fibular nerve
Fibularis brevis
Origin: fibula
Insertion: 5th metatarsal
function: eversion
Supplied by superficial fibular nerve
Which muscle maintains the transverse arch of the foot?
Maintains transverse arch
Blood supply to the posterior compartment
Popliteal artery (ant and post tibial artery)
fibular artery
Tarsal tunnel
- contents
- damage
Tom, Dick and Harry
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Posterior tibial artery/vein
tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus
damage is due to trauma to tibial nerve
Foot drop?
Trauma to common fibular nerve
Common fibular nerve
Motor:
Deep – anterior compartment of leg
+ dorsal intrinsic muscles
Superficial – lateral compartment of leg
Summary of nerve supply to the leg
supplied by terminal branches of sciatic nerve
Tibial- Posterior compartment
Deep fibular- Anterior compartment
Superficial fibular- Lateral compartment
Blood supply to the anterior compartment
Anterior tibial artery
Sits beside the extensor hallucis longus tendon
Dorsalis pedis
Anastomosis with deep plantar arch
