16

Question 1

sHSPs

Answer 1

Holdases, Hsp27; bind to unfolded or misfolded proteins in the cell so as to prevent their aggregation; no energy used

Question 2

a-crystalline abundant in the

Answer 2

eye, prevent cataracts

Question 3

Hsp70

Answer 3

switch btwn tightly/weakly binding

Question 4

Hsp70 cycle driven by

Answer 4

ATP

Question 5

aids of Hsp70 cycle

Answer 5

Co-chaperones Hsp40 and nucleotide exchange factors

Question 6

Hsp70 important for

Answer 6

helping nascent proteins fold as they emerge from ribosome

Question 7

If still misfolded, Hsp70 sends them to

Answer 7

Hsp60/Hsp90

Question 8

Hsp 90

Answer 8

dimeric chaperones, switch btwn open/closed states in a cycle
driven by ATP

Question 9

Hsp90 overexpression leads to

Answer 9

cancer

Question 10

Hsp60

Answer 10

GroEL/ES

Question 11

Hsp60 consumes

Answer 11

7 ATP each half-cycle

Question 12

Hsp60 importance

Answer 12

play key roles in translocating proteins through a membrane, such as from the cytosol into the mitochondria

Question 13

proteasome structure

Answer 13

20S core and 2 reg 19S particles (each has a base and lid)

Question 14

4 activities of proteasome reg particle

Answer 14

• recog of polyubiq substrates
• deubiq and release of free Ub
• substrate unfolding
• translocation of substrate to core particle

Question 15

Proteasome core particle contains sites of

Answer 15

proteolysis

Question 16

Alzheimer’s mech

Answer 16

aggregates of amyloid-β (extracellular) and tau (intracellular) in the cerebral cortex> severe cognitive symptoms (dementia, memory loss)

Question 17

tangles of tau cause

Answer 17

chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Question 18

Parkinson’s mech

Answer 18

aggregates of
α-synuclein in the substantia nigra (basal ganglia)> controls motor functions and risk/reward mechanisms> rest tremor, slow movements, rigidity; slowed cognition, executive dysfunction

Question 19

diabetes amyloids

Answer 19

islet amyloid polypeptides in pancreas

Question 20

atherosclerotic (arteries) plaques: amyloid deposits called

Answer 20

apolipoprotein A-I