13-15

Question 1

exo 1

Answer 1

proofreading

1= 3’>5’

Question 2

exo 2

Answer 2

error repair, Okazaki fragment processing

2=5’>3’

Question 3

DNA pol 1

Answer 3

error repair, Okazaki fragment processing

polymerase, exo 1/2 activity

Question 4

DNA pol 3

Answer 4

replication

polymerase, exo 1

Question 5

gyrase

Answer 5

relaxes supercoiling
type of topisomerase
part of rep elongation phase

Question 6

topo IV

Answer 6

sep interlinked/concatenated daughter chromosomes when rep is done
part of rep termination phase

Question 7

fluoroquinolone

Answer 7

inhibits gyrase and topo IV so it inhibits both gram pos/neg bacteria

Question 8

plasmids characteristics

Answer 8

small, circ, extrachromosomal, double stranded, replicate autonomously

Question 9

number of plasmids per cell determined by

Answer 9

the ““strength” of the rep origin

Question 10

telomerase mech

Answer 10

is a reverse transcriptase, carries own RNA template

Question 11

main eukary DNA pol involved in DNA rep

Answer 11

pol delta, epsilon

Question 12

DNA pol involved in repair pathways

Answer 12

pol beta

Question 13

DNA pol found in mitochondria/chloroplasts

Answer 13

pol gamma

Question 14

RNA core enzyme + sigma subunit

Answer 14

RNA holoenzyme

Question 15

RNA rep does not need

Answer 15

primer, can initiate transcription de novo

Question 16

frequency of RNA rate of initiation depends on

Answer 16

strength of promoter

Question 17

region containing RNAP core enzyme, DNA, and nascent RNA

Answer 17

transcription bubble

part of transcription elongation

Question 18

RNAP more prone to error bc

Answer 18

it lacks nuclease activity, no editing fnc

Question 19

transcription termination

Answer 19

end of gene contains stop signals, lies in newly syn RNA strand (not DNA template)

Question 20

prokary transcription initiation reg by

Answer 20

sigma factors

Question 21

sigma 70

Answer 21

housekeeping, transcribes most genes in growing cells

70 yo maid

Question 22

sigma 38

Answer 22

starvation/stationary phase

Question 23

sigma 32

Answer 23

heat shock sigma factor

Question 24

sigma 24

Answer 24

extracytoplasmic stress sigma factor

24 yo are stressed

Question 25

eg of neg transcriptional reg

Answer 25

lac operon

Question 26

eg of pos transcriptional

Answer 26

catabolite repression

Question 27

single-nucelotide polymorphism

Answer 27

point mutation>disease

Question 28

animoacyl (A) site

Answer 28

accommodates the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA

Question 29

peptidyl (P) site

Answer 29

accommodates the peptidyl–tRNA (nascent polypeptide)

Question 30

exit (E) site

Answer 30

accommodates a deacylated tRNA that is about to exit the ribosome

Question 31

ribosome subunits

Answer 31

50S and 30S

Question 32

polycistronic genes

Answer 32

if single mRNA strand has 3 Shine-Delgarno seq>3 proteins translated

Question 33

prokary initiation complex

Answer 33

small ribosome subunit, mRNA, fMet-tRNA, initiation factors (IFs)

Question 34

step req to assemble functional ribosome

Answer 34

GTP hydrolysis by IF2

Question 35

activated tRNA delivered to A site by

Answer 35

elongation factor EF-Tu:

• if tRNA codon prop matched w/ Asite codon> EF-Tu hydrolyzes bound GTP, dissociates from ribosome
• if improp paired> EF-Tu•GTP and aa-tRNA dissociate from ribosome

Question 36

50S activity

Answer 36

peptidyltransferase activity, catalyzes transpeptidation rxn

Question 37

transpeptidation rxn catalyzed by

Answer 37

23S rRNA, a ribozyme (RNA w/catalytic activity)

Question 38

translocation to P site powered by

Answer 38

GTP hydrolysis

Question 39

stop codons recognized by

Answer 39

release factors

Question 40

disassembly of ribosome complex costs

Answer 40

1 GTP