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M15 > 15.9 > Flashcards

15.9 Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of oils?

A

Mineral oils
Synthetic oils

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2
Q

Where are mineral oils only used?

A

Piston engines

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3
Q

What are the main tasks of oil on modern jet aircraft?

A

Lubrication
Cooling
Cleaning
Corrosion protection

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4
Q

What are the three types of synthetic oils?

A

Type 1
Type 2
Type 3

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5
Q

What is a type 1 synthetic oil?

A

First generation- only used on older gas turbine engines

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6
Q

What is the type of synthetic oil used on modern gas turbine engine?

A

Type 2

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7
Q

Describe type 3 synthetic oil?

A

Has higher thermal stability and viscosity at high temperatures
Used on special aircraft

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8
Q

Advantages of synthetic oils?

A

Better viscosity
Good thermal stability
High pressure resistance

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9
Q

Disadvantages of synthetic oils?

A

Higher price
Can’t be mixed with other manufactured oils

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10
Q

What is the viscosity index?

A

Effect temperature has on viscosity of the oil.
Higher number=least affected by a change in temperature

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11
Q

What is the pour point?

A

Lowest temperature that oil will visibly move in a 31.75mm test tube held horizontally for 5 seconds

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12
Q

What is the flash point?

A

Lowest temperature oil will give off enough vapour to flash when flame is applied

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13
Q

What is the fire point?

A

Lowest temperature that the oil will ignite and burn continuously for at least 5 seconds

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14
Q

What is volatility?

A

Measure of ease in which a liquid is converted to a vaporous state

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15
Q

What is acidity?

A

A measure of the corrosive tendencies of the oil

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16
Q

What is oil foaming?

A

The measure of resistance of the oil to separate from entrapped air

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17
Q

What is rubber swelling?

A

Amount of oil that will cause a particular rubber compound to swell

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18
Q

What is oxidation and thermal stability?

A

Ability of oil to resist formation of hard carbon and sludge at high temperatures

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19
Q

What is corrosiveness?

A

The effect of oil on various metals, especially copper

20
Q

What is pressure in relation to factors affecting oil performance?

A

Ability of the oil to carry a load

21
Q

What is coking?

A

The amount of carbon residue remaining in the oil after being subjected to extreme heating.

22
Q

What are factors that affect oil performance?

A

Water emulsion
Storage stability
Compatibility
Inter facial tension

23
Q

Why would chemical additives be added to oils?

A

To impart desirable characteristics

24
Q

Flash and freeze point for Jet A1

A

Flash- 38 degrees c
Freeze- -47 degrees c

25
Q

Flash and freeze point for Jet A?

A

Flash- 38 degrees c
Freeze- -40 degrees c

26
Q

Flash and freeze for Jet B?

A

Flash= 20 degrees c
Freeze= -60 degrees c

27
Q

Flash and freeze point for JP5?

A

Flash= 65 degrees c
Freeze= -48 degrees c

28
Q

What should be the appearance of fuel?

A

Should be clear, bright and visually free from solid matter and undissolved water at normal ambient temperature.

29
Q

Different fuels have different freezing points due to their what?

A

Composition

30
Q

When would a highly volatile fuel be desired?

A

For engine starts in cold weather and flight

31
Q

Why would a low volatile fuel be desired?

A

To eliminate vapour lock and to reduce fuel losses by evaporation.

32
Q

The required freezing point of fuel for turbine engines should be below what?

A

-40 degrees C

33
Q

What are the main requirement for fuel?

A

Low freezing point
A flash point low enough for ignition and as high as possible for safe handling
Adequate lubrication
Low tendency to vaporise at high altitude
Low tendency to carry water
Widely available

34
Q

Are synthetic oils storage stable?

35
Q

Stored oil should be protected from what?

A

Extreme temperature

36
Q

Why should opened containers of oil not be reused?

A

As synthetic oil is hygroscopic

37
Q

Can you mix different branded synthetic oils?

38
Q

If ingestion of oil takes place what should you do?

A

DO NOT induce vomiting
Drink 250ml of water and seek medical attention

39
Q

When is refuelling not allowed?

A

When aircraft is running

40
Q

Conditions that could create sparks?

A

Electrical switching
HF transmissions
Weather radar operation
Metal parts- struck together
Electric static discharge

41
Q

Fuel truck must be connected to aircraft with what?

A

Grounding lead

42
Q

Explosion proof tools are used where?

A

In fuel tanks

43
Q

When can you enter a fuel tank without full face mask?

A

If tank is considered health safe

44
Q

How is a health safe tank achieved?

A

Through good/sufficient ventilation

45
Q

To get out of category 4 tank areas what must you use?

A

Mechanical cutters

M15 (18 decks)

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