Cold War

Question 1

What was the Berlin Wall?

Answer 1

• the physical symbol of the Iron Curtain
• iron curtain was a symbolic term for political division of Europe

Question 2

What is containment?

Answer 2

american foreign policy started by Truman to block + prevent the spread of Communism through aid to countries

Question 3

What was the NSC-68 report?

Answer 3

• soviet union detonated its 1st nuclear weapon
• SO, it called for a military buildup of forces in the US (so spend more money on military)

Question 4

Describe Senator Joseph McCarthy:

Answer 4

1. republican senator from Wisconsin
2. mounted a campaign against communism
3. interrogated government employees, entertainment industry, educators, union activists

Question 5

Describe Roy Cohn:

Answer 5

1. McCarthy’s right hand man
2. instrumental in the conviction + execution of the Rosenbergs
3. died from AIDS
4. G. David Schine was his lover

Question 6

What is the Central Intelligence Agency?

Answer 6

• AKA The Company or The Agency
• established by Truman
• a covert operation about national security
• George Herbert Walker Busg was the director

Question 7

When did the Cuban Missile Crisis begin?

Answer 7

October 14, 1962

Question 8

What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Answer 8

1. missile bases were being constructed in Cuba
2. Khrushchev began deploying nuclear missiles to Cuba
3. Kennedy ordered a naval blockade
4. then on October 28, 1962, Kennedy promised to remove all missiles from Turkey pointed toward Russia. Krush promised not to install missiles in Cuba

Question 9

Who was Fidel Castro?

Answer 9

• allied with Khrush
• leader of Cuba

Question 10

What were the Jupiter Missiles?

Answer 10

the missiles Kennedy removed from Turkey that pointed toward Russia

Question 11

Describe Ethel + Julius Rosenberg:

Answer 11

• ammerican communists accused of passing info to the USSR regarding the atomic bomb
• electrocuted for espionage on June 18, 1953

Question 12

Describe J. Edgar Hoover:

Answer 12

• directer of the FBI
• one of the most powerful men in American history
• kept surveillance on everyone

Question 13

When was NATO established?

Answer 13

1949

Question 14

What is NATO?

Answer 14

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• group of 32 countries from Europe and North America to protect each other

Question 15

What was the Warsaw Pact?

Answer 15

• AKA Treaty of Friendship
• defense treaty among Soviet Union and 7 other Easter European countries
• signed May 14, 1944

Question 16

Name the Warsaw Pact countries:

Answer 16

1. Albania
2. Bulgaria
3. Czech
4. Hungary
5. East Germany
6. Romania
7. Poland

Question 17

What was the Marshall Plan?

Answer 17

• AKA European Recovery Program named for Secretary of State George Marshall
• gave American aid to all European nations that need it for hunger, poverty, etc.
• $12.5 billion of US aid to Western + Eastern Europe, and USSR BUT WAS REJECTED!

Question 18

What is NACA?

Answer 18

• National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
• created March 3, 1915
• studied non-military activities in space
• on January 31, 1958 the first American satellite went up called Explorer 1

Question 19

What is NASA?

Answer 19

• National Aeronautics + Space Administration
• made on July 29, 1958 by Eisenhower
• had an annual budget of 100 million with 3 research labs and 2 test facilities

Question 20

What was the Apollo Program?

Answer 20

• On July 20, 1969 Neil Armstrong + Buzz Aldrin were the 1st men on the moon
• after 5 more missions, there were 6 more flights and 12 more men on the moon

Question 21

Describe Sputnik 2:

Answer 21

• Soviets sent Laika (a dog) to space on November 3, 1957

Question 22

Describe Sputnik 5:

Answer 22

• Soviets send 2 dogs, Belka and Strelka to space on August 19, 1960

Question 23

Who was Yuri Gagarin?

Answer 23

• 1st cosmonaut or sailor of the universe on April 12, 1961
• traveled on Vostok 1 which orbited earth for 108 mins

Question 24

What was the Sputnik Crisis?

Answer 24

congress perceived it as a threat to national security when Soviets launched the world’s first satellite

Question 25

What was SALT I?

Answer 25

• strategic arms limitation treaty
• slowed the arms race between US + USSR
• Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty May 26, 1972
• signed between Henry Kissinger (US) and Leonid Brezhnev (USSR)

Question 26

What was SALT II?

Answer 26

• 2nd strategic arms limitation treaty
• furthered talks concerning WMDs
• signed by Carter and Breshnev, but was unsuccessful since soviet troops were in Cuba and Afghanistan
• Reagan withdrew in 1986

Question 27

What was the Star Wars Project?

Answer 27

was a strategic defense initiative by Ronald Reagan to protect from nuclear attacks