Klein: Object Relations Theory

Question 1

was built on careful observations of young children

Answer 1

Object Relations Theory

Question 2

the child’s relation to the _____ is fundamental and serves as a prototype for later relations to whole objects, such as mother and father.

Answer 2

breast

Question 3

believed that children’s sense of identity rest on a three-step with their mother.

Answer 3

Margaret Mahler

Question 4

theorized that children develop a sense of self during early infancy when parents and others treat them as if they had an individualized sense of identity.

Answer 4

Heinz Kohut

Question 5

Investigated infants attachment to their mother as well as the negative consequences of being separated from their mother.

Answer 5

John Bowlby

Question 6

developed a technique for measuring the type of attachment style an infant develops toward its caregiver.

Answer 6

Mary Ainsworth

Question 7

is an offspring of Freud’s instinct theory

Answer 7

object relations theory

Question 8

Infants do not begin life with a blank slate but with an inherited predisposition to reduce the anxiety they experience.

Answer 8

Psychic Life of the Infant

Question 9

are psychic representations of unconscious id instinct

Answer 9

Phantasies

Question 10

phantasies possessed unconscious ___ and ___ images

Answer 10

good, bad

Question 11

humans have innate drives or instincts, including a death instinct.

Answer 11

Object

Question 12

dichotomy of good and and bad feelings (ways of dealing with both internal and external objects)

Answer 12

Positions

Question 13

2 basic position

Answer 13

Paranoid-schizoid position
Depressive position

Question 14

a way of organizing experiences that includes both paranoid feelings of being persecuted and a splitting of internal and external objects into the good and the bad.

Answer 14

Paranoid-schizoid position

Question 15

infant fears

Answer 15

persecutory breast

Question 16

provides love, comfort, and gratification

Answer 16

ideal breast

Question 17

infants develop the paranoid-schizoid position during

Answer 17

3 or 4 months of life

Question 18

infants begins to view external objects as whole and to see that good and bad can exist in the same person.

(months)

Answer 18

5 or 6 months

Question 19

the feelings of anxiety over losing a loved object coupled with a sense of guilt for wanting to destroy that object.

Answer 19

Depressive position

Question 20

to protect their ego against the anxiety aroused by their own destructive fantasies.

Answer 20

Psychic Defense Mechanism

Question 21

infants use several psychic defense mechanism such as:

Answer 21

Introjection
Projection
Splitting
Projective Identification

Question 22

infants fantasize taking into their body those perception and experiences that they have had with the external object, originally the mother’s breast. (to take in both good and bad objects)

Answer 22

Introjection

Question 23

is the fantasy that one’s own feelings and impulses actually reside in another person and not within one’s body. (the use is to get rid of them)

Answer 23

Projection

Question 24

keeping apart incompatible impulse

Answer 24

Splitting

Question 25

excessive and inflexible splitting can lead to

Answer 25

pathological repression

Question 26

a psychic defense mechanism in which infants split off unacceptable parts of themselves, project them into another object, and finally introject them back into themselves in a changed or distorted form.

Answer 26

Projective Identification

Question 27

The person takes in (introjects) aspects of the external world and then organizes those introjections into a psychologically meaningful framework.

Answer 27

Internalizations

Question 28

3 important internalizations

Answer 28

Ego, Superego, Oedipus Complex

Question 29

mostly unorganized at birth, it’s strong enough to feel anxiety, to use defense mechanism, and to form early object relations in both phantasy and reality.

Answer 29

ego

Question 30

produces not guilt but terror

Answer 30

early superego

Question 31

it emerges earlier in life

Answer 31

superego

Question 32

serves the same need for both genders, that is, to establish a positive attitude with the good or gratifying object (breast or penis) and to avoid the bad terrifying object.

Answer 32

Oedipus Complex

Question 33

a little girl sees her mother’s breast as both “good and bad”.

Answer 33

Female Oedipal Development

Question 34

the little boy sees his mother’s breast as both good and bad

Answer 34

Male Oedipal Development

Question 35

Klein believed that people are born with two strong drives, what is it?

Answer 35

Life instinct and death instinct

Question 36

three major developmental stage (Mahler’s)

Answer 36

Normal Autism
Normal Symbiosis
Separation-Individuation

Question 37

four substages of separation-individuation

Answer 37

Differentiation
Practicing
Rapprochement
Libidinal object constancy

Question 38

two basic narcissistic needs (Kohut)

Answer 38

1. the need to exhibit the grandiose self
2. the need to acquire an idealized image of one or both parents

Question 39

three stages of separation anxiety (Bowlby)

Answer 39

Protest stage
Despair
Detachment

Question 40

three attachment style (Ainsworth)

Answer 40

Secure Attachment
Anxious-resistant attachment
Anxious-avoidant attachment

Question 41

2 insecure attachment

Answer 41

anxious-resistant
anxious-avoidant

Question 42

believing that young children express their conscious and unconscious wishes through

Answer 42

Play therapy