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H1 > 1530-1547 CROMWELL AND REFORMATION > Flashcards

1530-1547 CROMWELL AND REFORMATION Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Act of Supremacy?

A

1534

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2
Q

Two key opponents to the Reformation?

A

John Fisher and Thomas More

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3
Q

Survey for Dissolution

A

Valor Ecclesiasticus (1535)

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4
Q

When was the Pilgrimage of Grace?

A

1536

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5
Q

What did John Fisher and Thomas More refuse to sign?

A

The Oath of Supremacy

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6
Q

Give 3 reasons why there was little opposition to the Reformation

A

1532 Treason Laws, little direct impact, gradual changes, Royal Injunctions

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7
Q

Ways in which England was Protestant by 1547

A

Edward as heir, no papal authority, Catherine Parr, physical Church decor

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8
Q

Ways in which England was NOT Protestant by 1547

A

Communion, execution of Cromwell, Pilgrimage of Grace

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9
Q

When did Charles capture the Pope?

A

1527

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10
Q

Impact of the Act in Restraint of Annates (1532)

A

Stopped payment to the Vatican of up to 95% of annates- intended to force to Pope to reconsider

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11
Q

How did Cromwell justify reform?

A

Exaggerated growing anticlericalism

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12
Q

How did Cromwell respond to those who resisted reform?

A

Charged with praemunire

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13
Q

1531 Pardon of the Clergy- what did it do?

A

Absolved the Church of any wrongdoings

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14
Q

1532 Supplication against the Ordinaries

A

Attack on the Church

  1. Riddled with corruption
  2. Challenged the Church’s right to have independent courts from the State
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15
Q

What were the (3) terms of the 1532 Submission of the Clergy?

A
  1. No more ecclesiastical laws independent of the King
  2. Could not issue laws without royal license
  3. Had to submit existing laws to a royal committee for revision
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16
Q

When did Thomas Cranmer become Archbishop of Canterbury?

A

1532

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17
Q

When was the Submission of the Clergy?

A

1532

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18
Q

When was the Supplication against the Ordinaries?

A

1532

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19
Q

When was the Pardon of the Clergy?

A

1531

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20
Q

1536 Act Extinguishing the Authority of the Bishop of Rome clauses (5)

A

Denied the Pope…

  1. Access to clerical taxes
  2. Power of appointment
  3. Authority over doctrine
  4. Right to grant dispensations
  5. Use of his title in England
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21
Q

When did dissolution plans begin?

A

1535 (after Henry had become head of the Church)

22
Q

What was the book Cromwell compiled about his visitations?

A

Comperta Monastica

23
Q

Give 2 of Cromwell’s besties

A

Thomas Legh, John ap Rhys, Richard Layton

24
Q

When was the Valor Ecclesiasticus?

25
Q

Impact of the Valor and Comperta

A

Provided the ammunition to close the monasteries

26
Q

Evidence in the Comperta

A

Widespread immorality and sexual perversion eg gay monks

27
Q

1536 Dissolution of the Smaller Monasteries

A

Houses that failed to meet annual income of over £200 per year

28
Q

Who was executed under the Treason Act?

A

Richard Whiting, Abbott of Glastonbury

29
Q

Social and economic consequences of the dissolution

A
  • Monasteries had been employers of farm workers
  • Religious houses offered hospitality
  • Did not make the Crown as much as they could- sold too quickly
30
Q

1536 Royal Injunctions

A
  • Erasing references to the Pope in services
  • Defending royal supremacy in sermons
  • Removal of superstitious images
31
Q

When were the Royal Injunctions?

32
Q

1536 Ten Articles

A

Rejected Seven Sacraments

33
Q

The Bishops Book

A

‘softening up process’

34
Q

1538 Second set of Royal Injunctions

A

More specific and reformist, eg removal of saints and statues (rather than discouragement)

35
Q

When did Cromwell enlist JP’s to help enforce order?

36
Q

1539 Act of Six Articles

A

Reversed a lot of Protestant changes, eg reintroduced transubstantiation, enforced clerical celibacy

37
Q

Reasons for Cromwell’s fall

A
  • Factionalism

- The Cleves marriage

38
Q

When was Anne Boleyn beheaded?

39
Q

July 1536 Act Extinguishing the Authority of the Bishop of Rome

A

Got rid of any remaining authority that the Pope had

40
Q

July 1536 Act of Ten Articles

A

Passed by Cromwell when Henry was distracted

41
Q

When was the first set of injunctions under Cromwell?

42
Q

Aug 1536 Royal Injunctions (3)

A

Attacked Catholic practises
Encouraged religious instruction
Bishops who refused reported to Cromwell

43
Q

July 1537 Bishops Book (2)

A

Outlined Protestant beliefs

Reduced status of priests

44
Q

When was the second set of injunctions under Cromwell?

45
Q

Example of someone burnt for heresy under Henry and Cromwell

A

John Lambert

46
Q

When was the Act of Six Articles passed?

47
Q

Evidence the church did not need reforming (3)

A

Most seemed happy- many left money to the church in their wills
Provided essential services
Limited support for opposition eg Lollards

48
Q

Example of corruption in the church

A

The Hunne Case

Wolsey

49
Q

What did Cromwell compile on the visitations?

A

Comperta Monastica

50
Q

Example of Cromwell’s close friends

A

John ap Rhys, Richard Layton, Thomas Legh

51
Q

What happened to Cromwell after the Cleves marriage?

A

Made Earl of Essex

H1 (9 decks)

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