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Module 15 > 15.20 Fire Protection Systems > Flashcards

15.20 Fire Protection Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is a fire zone

A

Area of an aircraft that requires fire detection and/or extinguishing equipment.

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2
Q

What else is needed in a fire zone

A

High degree of fire protection

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3
Q

What must multi engine aircraft have

A

Engine fire protection system

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4
Q

What are the two types of turbine failure

A

-Thermodynamic
-Mechanical

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5
Q

What is thermodynamic turbine failure

A

Turbine blades can melt due to thermodynamic air upset. This causes sudden loss of thrust

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6
Q

What can cause overheating and blade melting

A

Rapid ice formation on inlet screen or inlet guide vanes

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7
Q

What is mechanical turbine failure

A

Era Fractured or thrown blades, can puncture tail cone causing overheating or fires

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8
Q

Why is penetration of the turbine case very bad

A

Can penetrate lines carrying fluids such as fuel

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9
Q

What is a complete fire detection system

A

Has extinguishing and detecting capabilities

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10
Q

How are fires detected on aircraft

A

-Overheat detectors
-Rate of temp rise detectors
-Flame detectors

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11
Q

What should a fire detector system be

A

-No false warnings
-Rapid indication of fire and reignition
-Continuous indication for time of fire
-Resistant of heat and damage

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12
Q

What are the two most common engine fire detectors

A

-Spot detectors
-Continuous loop systems

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13
Q

How does a spot detector work

A

Uses individual sensors to monitor fire zone eg. Thermal switch, thermocouple and pneumatic

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14
Q

How do continuous loop systems detectors work

A

Provide complete fire coverage use continuous thermal sensing elements for power plant protection

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15
Q

Example of continuous loop detectors

A

Fenwal
Kidde

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16
Q

How do thermal switches work

A

Heat sensitive unit will complete a circuit if it’s too hot and make a fire light light up in the cockpit

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17
Q

How are thermal switches connected

A

In parallel

18
Q

How does a thermocouple fire detector work

A

Detects rate of temperature rise, only warns at fast temp rate increase

19
Q

What does a thermocouple use to work out rate of temp increase

A

Has two junctions if there is a fast temperature increase a voltage is produced meaning there is a fire

20
Q

How do optical fire detectors work

A

Use IR or UV light and detect hydrocarbon in the air

21
Q

What aircraft use infrared detectors

A

Light turboprop aircraft and helicopters

22
Q

How do pneumatic thermal fire detection work

A

Element is helium filled tube which expands as it is heated. Only takes an average of an area

23
Q

Two types of detection in pneumatic detection

A

Average (uses helium) 93-371°C

Discrete (releases hydrogen when temp is 1100°C for 5 seconds)

24
Q

What is the 3 names of the manufacturers making discrete pneumatic sensing

A

-Lindberg
-Systron-Donner
-Meggitt

25
Q

What type of detectors are kidde and fenwal

A

Continuous thermal sensing

26
Q

How many wires does kidde have

A

2

27
Q

How many wires does fenwal have

A

1

28
Q

How does fenwal work

A

Uses a tube with effective salt in and nickel wire, when it gets hot the resistance if the salt drops drastically indicating a fire

29
Q

How does the kidde system work

A

Uses two wires, one has ground connection one without so as they get hot a resistance changes which is detected by the fire detection control unit

30
Q

Example fire zones on aircarft are

A

-Engine power section
-Engine accessory section
-Apu compartment
-Fuel burning heaters
-Compressor
-Combustor

31
Q

What fire extinguisher agent is used and why

A

Halon 1301 because it’s non corrosive

32
Q

How many extinguisher shots for APU

A

1

33
Q

How many extinguisher shots per engine

A

2

34
Q

What are fire bottles made of

A

Stainless steel

35
Q

What is the pressurised gas inside the extinguisher bottles

A

Nitrogen

36
Q

What shape are extinguisher bottles

A

Spherical or cylindrical in space limiting areas

37
Q

How does a discharge valve release agent

A

Slug driven by explosive energy ruptures the closure disc

38
Q

How is fire extinguisher pressure shown

A

Uses an indicator gauge

39
Q

What is a two way check valve for

A

Used in two shot system to prevent agent in the reserve container going into the main container

40
Q

Purpose of red thermal indicator

A

Shows thermal discharge

41
Q

Purpose of yellow discharge indicator

A

Flight crew activated fire extinguisher

Module 15 (18 decks)

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