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Module 15 Richard > 15.19 Powerplant Installation > Flashcards

15.19 Powerplant Installation Flashcards

1
Q

How are gas turbine engines divided into cooling zones?

A

Fireproof Bulkheads (firewalls)

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2
Q

What is the inner firewall assembly made from?

A

Either titanium or or steel

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3
Q

Why are tubes, electrical harnesses and controls sealed through a firewall?

A

It ensures external engine fires cannot enter the adjacent areas

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the engine nacelle?

A

It gives the engine aerodynamic smoothness and protects the engine from FOD damage

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5
Q

What is the fan reverser cowling and core cowling known as if it is one unit?

A

The thrust reverser cowling

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6
Q

What are the parts of the engine that are class 1 aerodynamic smoothness?

A

The critical parts, ensuring undisturbed airflow around and inside the engine

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7
Q

What are the parts of the engine that are class 2 aerodynamic smoothness?

A

Other parts of the engine such as the pylon

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8
Q

In a class 1 aerodynamic smoothness area, what is allowed?

A

Only very small dents allowed

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9
Q

When opening the engine, which part is always opened first?

A

The fan cowling

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10
Q

What is incorporated into the inlet cowling to reduce noise?

A

Acoustic linings

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11
Q

When installing the air inlet cowling, what must be ensured?

A

The two pins must fit into the corresponding holes on the engine, ensuring the correct installation position

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12
Q

What are the fan cowls usually made from?

A

Composite or sheet metal

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13
Q

How are the fan cowls attached to the engine pylon?

A

They are connected via hinges

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14
Q

When must you not open fan cowls?

A

In strong wind conditions

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15
Q

What must you also ensure before opening fan cowls?

A

The slat position, some aircraft require these to be retracted and deactivated

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16
Q

If the fan cowls are open, what is not permitted?

A

Towing of the aircraft

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17
Q

What are the fan reverser ducts also known as?

A

The C-ducts

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18
Q

How are the fan reverser cowlings opened?

A

They are opened using a hydraulic hand pump because of their heavy weight

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19
Q

What is Cowl Load Sharing?

A

The cowling has V-shaped groves and the fan has blades that give good contact to the engine fan frame

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20
Q

What is the issue with the engine cowlings at takeoff?

A

The airflow hits the cowlings at the bottom which can deform the shape causing excessive blade tip rub or tip clearance on adjacent sides. The cowlings are therefore strengthened

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21
Q

What fire protection systems does the thrust reverser cowling have?

A
  • a protective coating on the inner side

- a fire seal on the connection to the fan frame

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22
Q

How is the core cowl attached to the engine?

A

Usually attached to the fan reverser cowling as one unit

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23
Q

What parts make up the exhaust nozzle?

A
  • the centre body

- the exhaust sleeve

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24
Q

How do acoustic panels reduce noise?

A

They convert acoustic energy to heat energy

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25
Q

What are the pressure relief doors for?

A

They open when there is an overpressure in the compartment such as a bleed duct leak

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26
Q

How do the pressure relief doors work?

A

They are closed by springs in normal operations and this is overcome when the pressure inside the compartment exceeds a certain limit

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27
Q

What prevents a pressure relief panel flying away during flight?

A

A lanyard

28
Q

What must you do before mooring or parking an aircraft?

A

Close all open holes to the engine carefully to prevent dirt, moisture or animals entering the engine

29
Q

What are engines mounted under the wing called?

A

Wing mounted engines

30
Q

What are engines mounted on the left/right hand aft of the fuselage called?

A

Side mounted engines

31
Q

What is the engine pylon called, no matter where the engine is mounted?

A

The engine strut

32
Q

How is the engine attached to the pylon?

A

The forward mount and the aft mount

33
Q

Which mount is the engine thrust transferred to?

A

The forward mount only

34
Q

Why are axial loads (thrust) only transferred to the forward mount?

A

The rear mount uses spherical bearings which can only take vertical loads (weight) and side loads and it also compensates for thermal expansion.

35
Q

How are turboprop engines mounted?

A

With resilient rubber mounts and links to reduce vibration and torque effects

36
Q

Due to the torque effect of a turboprop, what is an important design feature about the mount?

A

It must have a more robust construction than a comparable turbojet

37
Q

For hoses, what must the printed indications include?

A
  • Manufacture Date
  • Part number
  • Name
  • Inspectors stamp
38
Q

What type of rigid pipes are used on aircraft engines?

A

Corrosion-resistance steel pipes

Steel = thinner than aluminium and no excessive weight

39
Q

Prior to assembly, what should be done to a rigid pipe?

A

It should be blown out with clean, dry air and flushed with the same (clean and filtered) fluid which will operate through the pipe

40
Q

What cannot be used to blank off rigid pipes if storing them?

A

Paper, tape or rag

41
Q

What is the advantage of using P-clips for rigid pipes?

A

It removes the need for separate packing if pipes run close to one another

42
Q

What special quality do most pipes on an aircraft have?

A

They are self-bonding

43
Q

When installed, what distance should pipes be from:

  • Fixed structures?
  • Rigid moving parts?
  • Control cables?
A
  • fixed = 6mm
  • rigid = 18mm
  • ctl cables = 25mm
44
Q

What are feeders?

A

They are cables that take power from a component

45
Q

What is the problem with resistance in a wire of a digital system (FADEC) cable?

A

It has signal loss, increased heat and can cause damage to the components

46
Q

What type of connectors are present on FADEC or modern jet engines?

A

Bayonet design

47
Q

What are the bayonet design connectors also known as?

A

MIL-38999 Series 3 connectors

48
Q

At what intervals are wiring looms in jet engines bundle tied together?

A

Every 2 inches as the engine is a high vibration area

49
Q

Where the wiring enters a connector, the last bundle tie must be…

A

No more than 6 inches from the connector

50
Q

What type of wire bundle tie material is permitted for the engine looms?

A

Dacron lacing cord

Nylon wire ties are not permitted

51
Q

What are the three methods of performing an engine change?

A
  • bootstrap method
  • overhead crane supported sling method
  • uplift loader
52
Q

How is the bootstrap engine change method carried out?

A

A beam is connected to the top of the pylon and chain hoists move the engine on/off the structure. It is slow as the pylon fairings are removed

53
Q

What is the advantage of using the crane supported sling method?

A

It is around 30% less time consuming than the bootstrap method but has more expensive equipment

54
Q

What is the advantage of using the uplift loader method?

A

It is around 40% less time consuming than the bootstrap method, but more very expensive equipment is required and so isn’t commonly used

55
Q

What are fitted to the throttle levers to prevent movement due to vibration?

A

Friction dampers

56
Q

When rigging flight controls and throttle levers, what should be installed for safety reasons?

A

A red-flagged safety pin

57
Q

After flight control rigging, what must be done?

A

A duplicate inspection of the system and a ground run completed

58
Q

What is the purpose of an engine drain?

A

It allows fluids to vent overboard and also allows for leak monitoring

59
Q

What is the main drain outlet located on the pylon for?

A

It drains fuel directly overboard so that it does not collect in the pylon and eventually drip onto the engine

60
Q

What is a direct drain system?

A

All drain lines end at the drain mast with specific holes

61
Q

What is a leak rate check?

A

The engine is run and the leaking fluid is collected from the separate pipes to bottles and checked against limits in the AMM

62
Q

What is the advantage of using a drain collector assembly attached to the drain lines?

A

It can check leak rates

63
Q

What happens to a fuel leak from a fuel pump compared to other fuel system leaks?

A

It is collected and measured for its leak rate. If it’s a large fuel leak, it will overflow to a holding tank

(Other fuel leaks do not go to the collector; they go directly overboard)

64
Q

How is an overflow of a fuel pump leak holding tank prevented?

A

RAM air is used to open a spring loaded valve (at 200kts) which pressurises the holding tank, venting the fuel overboard

65
Q

How are drain collector tanks emptied?

A

Manually on the ground after flight to check the leakage rate

Module 15 Richard (18 decks)

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