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Module 15 Richard > 15.14 Engine Indication Systems > Flashcards

15.14 Engine Indication Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of engine indication?

A
  • Performance indications (primary)
  • System indications (secondary)
  • Engine trend monitoring (not usually shown)
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2
Q

What is the purpose of the engine performance indications?

A

Used to monitor performance and limits and set the thrust for different flight phases

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the engine system indications?

A

To monitor the operation of the engine systems such as fuel or oil. These are used to detect malfunctions quickly.

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the engine trend monitoring?

A

It is done on the ground to check engine problems at an early stage. It uses parameters automatically recorded by ACMS

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5
Q

What does ACMS stand for?

A

Aircraft Condition and Monitoring System

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6
Q

What type of engine display does Airbus ECAM use?

A

A combination of gauge type analogue display and digital readouts

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7
Q

What type of engine display does Boeing EICAS use?

A

Analogue indications with vertical bars

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8
Q

Where are Engine performance indications usually shown?

A

Always shown on the top screen of the ECAM or EICAS

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9
Q

What is the rotational speed of the fan also known as?

A

N1 speed

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10
Q

What is the engine pressure ratio (EPR)?

A

The measurement of the total pressure at the exhaust compared to the total pressure at the fan inlet

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11
Q

What is the EGT?

A

Exhaust gas temperature

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12
Q

What can be the cause of engine vibration?

A

Damaged blades or bearings

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13
Q

How can the engine nacelle increase in temperature?

A

If there is a hot air leak in the nacelle

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14
Q

What warnings would appear on the ECAM/EICAS?

A
  • exceeding limits
  • unlocked thrust reversers
  • low pressure in oil
  • clogged filters
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15
Q

What is engine trend monitoring?

A

The monitoring of an engines performance during flight to and to monitor engine problems

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16
Q

How is the engine trend monitoring system recorded?

A

By the Aircraft Condition Monitoring System (ACMS) on the MCDU which can be printed and also ACARS (Aircraft communication and reporting system) via data link to the ground

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17
Q

How are the engine rotor speed indications always presented?

A

As a percentage of a 100% design speed

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18
Q

What is the N1 indication for?

A

The LP rotor speed

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19
Q

What is the N2 indication for?

A

HP rotor speed

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20
Q

What does EPR stand for?

A

Engine pressure ratio

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21
Q

How is the engine pressure ratio calculated?

A

The ratio of the total pressure at the exhaust compared to the total pressure at the fan inlet

22
Q

What is the purpose of the EGT indication?

A

It is used to monitor the exhaust gas temperature incase limits are exceeded. It is directly related to the TIT (Turbine inlet temperature) just after combustion

23
Q

What can the temperatures be as high as when they first enter the turbine section?

A

1400°C

24
Q

What are the three types of EGT indication that can be present in the cockpit?

A
  • a clock-type scale
  • a moving vertical bar
  • a classical electromechanical indicator
25
Q

What does a red line indicate on the EGT indicator?

A

The temperature never to be exceeded

26
Q

What is the amber line on an EGT indicator?

A

The maximum temperature that can only be exceeded for a short while at maximum thrust setting (such as takeoff/go-around)

27
Q

What is EGT measured in?

A

Degrees Celsius

28
Q

What is the purpose of engine vibration monitoring?

A

It enables identification of rotor imbalances which can be the first sign of engine damage

29
Q

What does EVMU stand for?

A

Engine vibration monitoring unit

30
Q

What are the main parts of the EVMU?

A
  • indication (0-6 units)

- 1 or 2 sensors sending signals to a computer

31
Q

Where are the two vibration monitoring sensors located?

A

One in the compressor area, near the N1 rotor shaft and one in the turbine area

32
Q

What indication is seen in the cockpit if the vibration reaches a critical level?

A

The indication starts pulsing for the pilot to react

33
Q

What is the fuel flow indications measured in?

A

Kg or tons

34
Q

What are the two fuel indications in the cockpit?

A
  • Actual fuel flow

- Fuel used since engine start

35
Q

The fuel indications, has what secondary use?

A

It provides redundancy indication for the remaining fuel quantity

36
Q

When is the fuel used indication reset to 0?

A

Automatically; when the master switch is set to ON and the aircraft is on the ground

37
Q

What is the purpose of the fuel flow transmitter?

A

It measures the fuel mass flow between the control unit and the fuel nozzles

38
Q

What basic physics law do all fuel flow transmitters use?

A

Force = mass x acceleration

They measure the force applied by the mass of fuel

39
Q

How does an older fuel flow transmitter accelerate the fuel?

A

By using an impeller driven by an electric motor

40
Q

How does a modern fuel flow transmitter accelerate the fuel?

A

It uses the fuel to drive an impeller

41
Q

How does the FADEC system calculate the fuel flow from the fuel flow transmitter?

A

It measures the time between the pulses of fuel flowing which is proportional to the mass flow

42
Q

What is the EIU?

A

Engine Interface Unit

43
Q

Where is the oil quantity transmitter usually installed?

A

At the top of the oil tank

44
Q

What are the two types of oil quantity transmitter used?

A
  • capacitance type

- reed switch type

45
Q

What are the two types of pressure transmitter sensors used for oil indication?

A
  • Bourdon tube type

- Strain gauge type

46
Q

What is the low oil pressure switch for?

A

It indicates a low oil pressure warning in the cockpit

It is ALWAYS accompanied by an acoustic warning

47
Q

What are the two types of oil temperature sensors?

A
  • Thermistor type

- Thermocouple

48
Q

What does SOAP stand for?

A

Spectrometric Oil Analysis Program

49
Q

What is the SOAP process used for?

A

It is used to find internal wear of lubricated engine components

50
Q

What size of contaminated oil particles can the SOAP process discover?

A

0.001m - 0.02mm

51
Q

What size particles can the scavenge systems catch?

A

Particles larger than 0.015mm

52
Q

What is the advantage of using magnetic chip detectors?

A

Easier and less time consuming method of oil contamination indication

Module 15 Richard (18 decks)

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