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AUDE 5310 Embryology & Genetic Conditions > Cell Cycle > Flashcards

Cell Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

what two states do cells in the body alternate between

A

division & non-division

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2
Q

what is a cell cycle

A

sequence of events from one division to another

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3
Q

what are the 3 phases of somatic cells cell cycle

A

interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

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4
Q

longest phase; period of non-division

A

interphase

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5
Q

division of the nucleus

A

mitosis

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6
Q

division of the cytoplasm

A

cytokinesis

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7
Q

Describe cell cycle variations

A

Some cells like bone marrow cells, pass through the cell cycle continually to form red blood cells (RBCs)

Some cells enter a “resting” or G0 phase
This state can be temporary and most cells in Go can reenter the cell cycle if conditions change
Other cells, like cochlear hair cells and neurons, that have reached an end stage of development will stay permanently in Go and will no longer divide

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8
Q

when do cells become cancerous

A

when they escape from the control of the cell cycle

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9
Q

where most cells spend their time

A

interphase

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10
Q

period with active cell division

A

mitosis

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11
Q

phase in interphase that most of the cell’s spend their lives and where extra organelles (ribosomes & proteins) are made

A

G1

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12
Q

phase during interphase that DNA replicates (23 pairs to 46 pairs of chromosomes)

A

S phase (synthesis)

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13
Q

what are the 3 phases of interphase

A

G1, S, G2

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14
Q

preparing for mitosis (make microtubules) during this interphase

A

G2

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15
Q

What do cells use the continuous supply of new cells for?

A

growth
development
repair

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16
Q

phase with rapid growth and metabolic activity; centriole replication (8-10) hours

A

G1

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17
Q

chromosome replication
DNA synthesis
6-8 hrs

A

S phase

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18
Q

growth and final preparations for cell division
4-6 hrs

A

G2

19
Q

cell division

A

mitosis

20
Q

first phase of the cell cycle and is the longest part
time interval between cell divisions

A

interphase

21
Q

what occurs during the 3 phases of interphase

A

daughter cells that resulted from mitosis undergo a period of growth and synthesis

22
Q

immediately follows mitosis
cell doubles in size

A

G1

23
Q

what organelles are synthesized in G1

A

RNA, proteins, cell membranes, ribosomes, and other organelles in the cytoplasm

24
Q

describe what happens during G1 of interphase

A

cell doubles in size
directly after mitosis
organelles in cytoplasm synthesize
cell pieces lost in cell division get replaced
chromosomes are unduplicated (1 molecule of DNA)

25
Q

describe what happens during S phase

A

duplication of each chromosome occurs (two identical daughter DNA molecules)
DNA is replicated and doubles
chromosomes very long and spread throughout the nucleus

26
Q

what apoptosis

A

cell suicide
happens when damage to a cell is too severe to repair itself

27
Q

causes damage to surrounding cells

A

necrosis

28
Q

doesn’t cause damage ot surrounding cells

A

apoptosis

29
Q

describe G2 phase

A

interval following DNA replication and before mitosis
2nd period of cellular growth
mitochondria divide
spindle fiber precursosrs form

30
Q

when are the cells ready to divide

A

at the end of G2

31
Q

what are the checkpoints built into the cell to prevent defective cells from going through mitosis and dividing

A

G1 - ensure readines for DNA synthesis
G2 - determines if cell is ready to enter mitosis and divide

32
Q

what is the second phase of the cell cycle

A

mitosis

33
Q

This type of cell division is essential to allow multicellular organisms to grow and repair damaged tissue

A

mitosis

34
Q

before mitosis do the chromosomes double in number?

A

yes, they go from 46 to 92

35
Q

how can we see genetic consequences?

A

errors in distrution of chromosomes to the two daughter cells

36
Q

at the end of mitosis, what do each daughter cell receive?

A

one half (diploid number) of the doubled chromosomes material that occurs prior to mitosis maintaining the same number of chromosomes as the mother cell

37
Q

how many phases does mitosis have

A

4
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

38
Q

during the DNA replication (S) phase, chromosomes are

A

extremely long and diffusely spread through the nucleus

39
Q

when do chromosomes coil thicken and shorten to become the recognizable chromosome

A

prophase in mitosis

40
Q

which phase do each replicated chromosome comprise of two sister chromatids, with identical genetic info joined at the centromere

A

end of prophase in mitosis

41
Q

when do centrioles duplicate

A

at the start of mitosis

42
Q

what is an aster

A

Arrangement of microtubules, star like pattern, mechanically strengthens the spindle apparatus

43
Q
A

AUDE 5310 Embryology & Genetic Conditions (18 decks)

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