15 - VM CArtilage, Bone, and Sk. Muscle Flashcards
What type of tissue are cartilage and bone?
Specialized connective tissue.
Connective tissue: matrue cells suspended within extraellular matrix (ECM).
What is cartilage specialized for? Describe its ECM?
Specialized for flexible support; resilient
ECM: hydrated, mostly water and proteoglycan.
What is bone specialized for? Describe its ECM?
Specialized for rigid support
ECM: organic part made of type I collagen, mineralized part made of calcium and phosphorus.
What are the resident cells and precursor cells of cartilage? Is it vascular?
Resident: chrondocytes
Precursors: chrondroblasts
Avascular
What are the resident cells and precursor cells of bone? Is it vascular?
Resident: osteocytes and osteoclasts
Precursor: osteoblasts
Vascular
What is the covering of cartilage? What type of growth does cartilage do?
Covering: perichondrium
Growth: appositional and interstitial
What is the covering of bone? What type of growth does bone do?
Covering: periosteum
Growth: appositional
What type of cartilage is pictured? What is each blue thing? Describe an aspect of the staining.
Hyaline cartilage (most common type)
Matrix has a variability of staining - basophilic around the lacunae (territorial matrix). Less basophilic between the lacunae(inter-territorial matrix).
What do chondrocytes do? How does this occur?
Nests of chondrocytes: chondrocytes divide and secrete ECM. As they do so, they get farther apart from each other (interstitial growth).
What is denoted in this image by the asterisk? Describe its structure.
Perichondrium: vascularized fibrous envelop covering of cartilage.
Innermost layer of perichondrium has flattened chondrognic cells that can be stimualted to become chondrobalsts.
What are the three types of cartilage?
- Hyaline
- Elastic
- Fibrocartilage
Describe the structure and appearance of fibrocartilage. Where can it be found?
Bundles of type 1 collagen cause lacunae to be alligned between them.
This type of cartilage is more rigid because it has a lot of collagen type 1 providing tensile strength.
Found in junction between tendons and bone.
What type of bone is seen in each image?
On the left is lamellar/mature/secondary bone: collagen fibers are laid down in layers.
On the right is woven/immature/primary bone: collagen type I is interlaced together.
What type of bone is this?
Decalcified compact bone (mineralized portion removed-only looking at organic part) : layers of collagen fibers that make up the matrix.
Arrow pointing to osteocyte lacuna
What type of bone is this?
Trabecular; it’s decalcified so the mineralized component is removed and youre only seeing the organic part of the matrix.
What type of bone is this?
Compact ground bone - the mineralized portion of the bone stained with india ink so light can go through it.
What are the blue labels? What is this an image of?
The haversion system (osteon) stained with india ink.
Name the following bone cells in blue.
What do the arrows in this image point to?
Black arrow: epiphyseal plate
Blue arrow: articular cartilage
Name the zones and cells in this image.
Skeletal muscle has a ______ appearance, and it’s cells are also called ______. Where are the nuclei located?
Striated (so is cardiac muscle)
Cells are also called muscle fibers or myocytes
They contain multiple nuclei that are located peripherally (arrows).
What is each band?
What is each blue thing pointing to?
The ______ surrounds a whole muscle.
Epimysium (investing fascia)
Define each label in blue.
Identify each part of the sarcomere in blue.
