1.5 Viruses and Subviral Particles

Question 1

What are the three parts of a virus?

Answer 1

• genetic information
• capsid
• fat capsule (optional)

Question 2

What is the genetic information like for a virus?

Answer 2

• DNA
• RNA
• circular or linear

Question 3

What is capsid?

Answer 3

Protein coating that is around the virus

Question 4

What is the lipid envelope?

Answer 4

-optional piece on the virus that it supposed to protect it

Question 5

What is the difference between a virus with a lipid envelope and one without?

Answer 5

• Lipid envelope is very easy to breakdown with heat or cleaning agents
• Without the lipid is actually a stronger virus

Question 6

What VIRIONS?

Answer 6

-baby viruses that are made

Question 7

What is a bacteriophage?

Answer 7

• virus infecting bacteria
• doesn’t go into the bacteria
• take some of the DNA of the bacteria with them for the next host

Question 8

bacteriophage: Tail Sheath?

Answer 8

-injecting part that goes into the bacteria

Question 9

bacteriophage: Tail fibers?

Answer 9

-receptors that identify the bacteria

Question 10

RNA: Postive Sense?

Answer 10

• virus can just use the machinery from the host cell

- after they make the mRNA they can go to cytoplasm for the protein

Question 11

RNA: Negative Sense?

Answer 11

• virus has to come in with its own parts
• RNA replicase
• complementary strand before it can go and make a protein

Question 12

RNA: Retrovirus?

Answer 12

-RNA viruses that make themselves into DNA and then implant themselves into the genome of the host DNA

Question 13

What is the viral cycle first step?

Answer 13

Infection virus is small enough to sneak or trick into the cell membrane or is invited in by the cell

Question 14

What is the second step of the Viral Cycle?

Answer 14

using the parts

• depends on the type of virus
• retrovirus: use the nucleus for everything
• positive sense: nucleus to make the mRNA and then leaves for cytoplasm
• Negative sense: Has to come in with its own parts to make the mRNA before moving to the cytoplasm

Question 15

What is step 3 in the viral life cycle?

Answer 15

leaving

• lysis: kill the host cell by popping it with babies
• extrusion: leave through the cell membrane

Question 16

Lytic Cycle:

Answer 16

-When the virus is done creating the virions then it kills the host

Question 17

Lysogenic Cycle:

Answer 17

• Prophage

- Keeps the host alive through integration of its genetic material

Question 18

Can the lysogenic cycle turn into the lytic cycle?

Answer 18

-Under attack the cycle can change

Question 19

Why might a bacteria keep on a lysogenic cycle?

Answer 19

-One on one virus to bacteria and keeps other viruses from effecting it

Question 20

Prions:

Answer 20

• proteins that mishaps the cell
• proteins can not function properly
• very difficult for the cell to rid of them

Question 21

Virons:

Answer 21

small pathogens found in plants

• silencers of the genome so the gene or protein never gets made
• HPD when exposed with HPB in humans that act silence the gene