1.3 Classification of Structure of Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards
What is the basic structure of Prokaryotic Cells?
- No membrane bound organelle
- No nucleus
What is the nucleoid region?
Region of the prokaryotic cell where the circular DNA is found
What are the three prokaryotic domains?
- Archaea
- Bacteria
- Eukarya
Why are Archaea and Bacteria originally grouped together?
- Similar shape and structure
- Both prokaryotes
- circular DNA
Differences between Archaea and Bacteria?
- Archaea have RNA
- metabolic pathways
living: Extremophiles?
-archaea that live in harsh conditions
living: Archaea
- extremophiles
- normal temperatures
Archaea: energy
- photosynthesis
- inorganic compounds
What are the similarities between archaea and Eukarya?
- Rna pathways
- same start codon
- DNA histones
Common parts of bacteria?
-cytoplasm plasma membrane cell wall flagella cilia
Why is it difficult to create medications to target the bacteria?
- Some structures of bacteria are really similar to Eukaryotic cells
- Biochemically we have to find differences
relationship between humans and bacteria: Healthy
-Bacteria live in the guts of humans to help them digest food and create proteins
Real World Example: Vitamin K and Babies
- babies do not have a formed gut system
- injected with vitamin K
Pathogens: Intracellular
- Invade within the cell
- STDS live in the cells of reproductive systems
Pathogens: Extracellular
- Live on the outer parts of the cell
- Tetanus outside of the cell and into the bloodstream
what are the three shapes of bacteria?
- cocci
- spirilli
- bacilli
Obligated Aerobes?
-need to be around oxygen
Obligated Anaerobes?
need anything but oxygen
Aerotolerant anaerobes?
-Live where there is oxygen but they do not necessary use it
Facultative Anaerobes?
Use both the oxygen and not oxygen
What is the cell wall?
- peptidoglycan layer
- extra protection for the prokaryote
Cell wall: Gram positive?
- Thick layer of peptidoglycan
- meshed with the cell membrane
- stain purple
Human immune system: Lipotichoic acid
Gram positive causes human response
Cell wall: Gram Negative?
- Thin Layer of Peptioglycan
- does not mesh with the cell membrane
- stain red or pink
Human Immune system: Lippolysaccharides
Cause a response in the immune system
-gram negative bacteria
Real World Example: Penicillin
In order for it to work the cell membrane can not be messed with the cell wall
Flagella:
- Whip that propels the bacteria to move
- One or many
Flagella: Chemotaxis
tells them what type of environment they are in
Flagella: Basal Body
On the body of the bacteria and all of the parts are here
Flagella: Hook
connects the body to the filament
Flagella: filament
-helical tail
Plasmids
-Extra dan pieces that get picked up by the bacteria
What is the difference between the bacteria ribosomes and human ones?
-bacteria are smaller units
