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Biology Review > 1.2 Eukaryotic Cell > Flashcards

1.2 Eukaryotic Cell Flashcards

1
Q

How do we classify Organisms?

A
  • Unicellular

- Multicellular

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2
Q

What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A
  • Nucleus and membrane bound organelles

- Prokaryotic cells don’t have

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3
Q

What is the Cytosol?

A

Jelly like substance that suspends the organelles

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4
Q

Membrane: Phospholipid Bilayer?

A
  • Water loving side (Hydrophillic): Interacts with the aqueous parts of the cell
  • Water hating side (hydrophobic): Avoids interaction and letting things in
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5
Q

What is the Nucleus?

A
  • The housing center of the genetic information

- chromosomes

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6
Q

What is the process of the somatic cells?

A

-Mitosis

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7
Q

Nucleus: What is the Nuclear Envelope/ Pore

A
  • In addition to the cell membrane this is a covering of the nucleus
  • Pore little holes that are very selective to letting things in and out
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8
Q

Nucleus: Genes, histones, Chromosomes?

A

Genes: parts of the DNA
Histones: Proteins in which the DNA can wrap
Chromosome: Linear pieces condensed pieces of DNA

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9
Q

Why is the location of the DNA important?

A

-The nucleus is the only region where the the DNA can be made

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10
Q

What is the Nucelous?

A
  • Dark spot of the Nucleus

- Production of RNA

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11
Q

What is the mitochondria?

A
  • Powerhouse of the cell

- All energy is made here

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12
Q

What are the three layers of the Mitochondria?

A
  • Inner layer (matrix)
  • Outer layer
  • Inner membrane spaces
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13
Q

Mitochondria: Outer Layer?

A

-lets things out of the mitochondria

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14
Q

Mitochondria: Inner membrane?

A
  • All of the enzymes and molecules for the ETC

- known as the matrix

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15
Q

How does the inner membrane spaces and matrix work?

A
  • Synthesize in the matrix

- Shipped the inneer membrane spaces where it can be synthesized and shipped

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16
Q

What does it mean for the mitochondria to be semi autonomous?

A

-can genetically make its own material

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17
Q

Mitochondria: Apoptosis

A

-enzymes released so that will kill the cell

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18
Q

What does the lysosome?

A
  • Garbage

- Takes out unwanted materials from the cell

19
Q

What is autolysis?

A

-Lysosome can release enzymes that can kill the cell

20
Q

What is the endosomes?

A

-Package, ship, and sort the cell

21
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Studied with ribosomes

makes proteins

22
Q

Smooth ER?

A

Makes fats

Break drugs and poisonous material

23
Q

Gogli Apparatus?

A

-finishes the products and signals to vesicles where they have to go

24
Q

Vesicles?

A

-Take the product to the right area

25
Q

Exocytosis?

A

Vesicle meets to the cell membrane and it EXITS OUT

26
Q

Peroxisomes?

A
  • Hydrogen peroxide
  • fatty acids
  • phsopohlipids
27
Q

What does the cytoskeleton do and what are the three areas?

A
  • Backbone for the cell
  • Microfiliments
  • Microfibers
  • Intermediate filaments
28
Q

Microfilament: Actin

A

-Rod network that helps with structure

29
Q

Microfilaments: Myosin

A

-Helps with muscle contraction

30
Q

How does Myosin and Actin work in the cell cycle?

A

-Cytokensis the actin and myosin make the cleavage furrows

31
Q

Microtubules?

A

-Helps to create tunnels for the kinsmen and dyne muscle proteins to move

32
Q

How does this work in the cell cycle?

A

-Centrioles to attach the the kenetchores and pull the chromosomes

33
Q

Intermediate filament?

A
  • cell adhesion

- cytoskelton

34
Q

Cilia?

A

Little worm like structures in the cell body

35
Q

Flagella?

A

Help the whole body move

36
Q

Epithelial tissue?

A

Cover the lining of the body

-secrete, absorb, and sensation

37
Q

Why is the epithelial tissue a basement unit?

A

Attaches to the connective tissue to keep itself as one unit

38
Q

What is parenchyma?

A

-functional part of the organ

39
Q

What does it mean that epithelial tissue is polarizable?

A

-Epithelial cells face inside and outside

40
Q

Classify the cell layers?

A
  • Simple: one
  • Stratidied: Multiple
  • pseudostatified: looking like multiple layers but one layer
41
Q

What are the shapes?

A
  • Cubical
  • Squamous
  • Column
42
Q

Connective tissue?

A

supports the epithelial cells

43
Q

Part of the STROMA

A
  • Bone
  • Ligaments
  • Tendons
  • Cartliage
44
Q

What is the extracellular matrix?

A

-Connective tissue making collagen and elastin

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