1.2 Eukaryotic Cell Flashcards
How do we classify Organisms?
- Unicellular
- Multicellular
What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
- Nucleus and membrane bound organelles
- Prokaryotic cells don’t have
What is the Cytosol?
Jelly like substance that suspends the organelles
Membrane: Phospholipid Bilayer?
- Water loving side (Hydrophillic): Interacts with the aqueous parts of the cell
- Water hating side (hydrophobic): Avoids interaction and letting things in
What is the Nucleus?
- The housing center of the genetic information
- chromosomes
What is the process of the somatic cells?
-Mitosis
Nucleus: What is the Nuclear Envelope/ Pore
- In addition to the cell membrane this is a covering of the nucleus
- Pore little holes that are very selective to letting things in and out
Nucleus: Genes, histones, Chromosomes?
Genes: parts of the DNA
Histones: Proteins in which the DNA can wrap
Chromosome: Linear pieces condensed pieces of DNA
Why is the location of the DNA important?
-The nucleus is the only region where the the DNA can be made
What is the Nucelous?
- Dark spot of the Nucleus
- Production of RNA
What is the mitochondria?
- Powerhouse of the cell
- All energy is made here
What are the three layers of the Mitochondria?
- Inner layer (matrix)
- Outer layer
- Inner membrane spaces
Mitochondria: Outer Layer?
-lets things out of the mitochondria
Mitochondria: Inner membrane?
- All of the enzymes and molecules for the ETC
- known as the matrix
How does the inner membrane spaces and matrix work?
- Synthesize in the matrix
- Shipped the inneer membrane spaces where it can be synthesized and shipped
What does it mean for the mitochondria to be semi autonomous?
-can genetically make its own material
Mitochondria: Apoptosis
-enzymes released so that will kill the cell
What does the lysosome?
- Garbage
- Takes out unwanted materials from the cell
What is autolysis?
-Lysosome can release enzymes that can kill the cell
What is the endosomes?
-Package, ship, and sort the cell
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Studied with ribosomes
makes proteins
Smooth ER?
Makes fats
Break drugs and poisonous material
Gogli Apparatus?
-finishes the products and signals to vesicles where they have to go
Vesicles?
-Take the product to the right area
Exocytosis?
Vesicle meets to the cell membrane and it EXITS OUT
Peroxisomes?
- Hydrogen peroxide
- fatty acids
- phsopohlipids
What does the cytoskeleton do and what are the three areas?
- Backbone for the cell
- Microfiliments
- Microfibers
- Intermediate filaments
Microfilament: Actin
-Rod network that helps with structure
Microfilaments: Myosin
-Helps with muscle contraction
How does Myosin and Actin work in the cell cycle?
-Cytokensis the actin and myosin make the cleavage furrows
Microtubules?
-Helps to create tunnels for the kinsmen and dyne muscle proteins to move
How does this work in the cell cycle?
-Centrioles to attach the the kenetchores and pull the chromosomes
Intermediate filament?
- cell adhesion
- cytoskelton
Cilia?
Little worm like structures in the cell body
Flagella?
Help the whole body move
Epithelial tissue?
Cover the lining of the body
-secrete, absorb, and sensation
Why is the epithelial tissue a basement unit?
Attaches to the connective tissue to keep itself as one unit
What is parenchyma?
-functional part of the organ
What does it mean that epithelial tissue is polarizable?
-Epithelial cells face inside and outside
Classify the cell layers?
- Simple: one
- Stratidied: Multiple
- pseudostatified: looking like multiple layers but one layer
What are the shapes?
- Cubical
- Squamous
- Column
Connective tissue?
supports the epithelial cells
Part of the STROMA
- Bone
- Ligaments
- Tendons
- Cartliage
What is the extracellular matrix?
-Connective tissue making collagen and elastin
