1.4 Genetics and Growth of Prokaryotes

Question 1

What are the steps of binary fission?

Answer 1

• Circiular chromosome will replicate on the cell wall
• Cell will grow
• Cell wall and membrane will pinch and for two cells

Question 2

What is genetic recombination?

Answer 2

-bacteria to take in other plasmids

Question 3

What are plasmids?

Answer 3

DNA pieces that give an advantage to the bacteria

Question 4

Virulent factors?

Answer 4

-add a piece to cell, toxins, etc.

Question 5

plasmids: episomes

Answer 5

-incorporated into the genome of the bacteria

Question 6

What are the three genetic recombinations?

Answer 6

• transformation
• conjugation
• transduction

Question 7

transformation

Answer 7

-one bacteria is carrying plasmids and that explodes into the new host bacteria cell

Question 8

conjugation

Answer 8

sexual reproduction

• male will make the conjugation bridge (sex pilli)
• tries to send all the DNA over the bridge
• female becomes a male
• high frequency conjugation

Question 9

Transduction

Answer 9

Accidental

-bacteriophages will take part of the DNA from a bacteria that they hurt and implant it into another bacteria

Question 10

Bacteriophage: Sheath

Answer 10

-Injector into the cell

Question 11

Bacteriophage: tail

Answer 11

-feel receptors to identify the cell

Question 12

transposons:

Answer 12

-Genetic pieces that control the DNA and then they leave

Question 13

Why is it important to finish a whole bottle of antibiotics?

Answer 13

-When you start to feel better you kill out most of the bacteria
-Some are resistant and can stay and reproduce
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Question 14

Growth cycle: Lag phase

Answer 14

-the bacteria is adapting

Question 15

Growth cycle: log phase

Answer 15

-exponential growth

Question 16

Growth cycle: stationary phase

Answer 16

-depleting resources causing to have smaller growth

Question 17

Growth Cycle: Death phase

Answer 17

-Cell dies