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Mercy CLS 1: Immunology > 15) Transplantation & tumors > Flashcards

15) Transplantation & tumors Flashcards

1
Q

autograft

A

same individual
no imm response

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2
Q

isograft

A

genetically identical individual
no imm response

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3
Q

allograft

A

genetically dissimilar individual
imm rejection

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4
Q

xenograft

A

different species
imm rejection

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5
Q

2 types of allograft rejections (1st/2nd exposure)

A
  • first set rejection – original transplant rejection
  • second set rejection – second transplant from same donor; imm memory
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6
Q

in vitro Ab that can block transplant Ags from T-cells to enhance graft survival

A

enhancing antibodies

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7
Q

evidence for immunologic nature of rejection

A
  • lymphs/monos found at site
  • those lacking T-cells do not reject
  • rejection slows in immunosuppressed
  • specific T-cells and Ab formed against graft
  • enhancing antibodies function
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8
Q

3 types of graft rejection

A
  • hyperacute
  • acute
  • chronic
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9
Q

rejection in minutes to hours
preformed Ab to graft

A

hyperacute rejection

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10
Q

complement activated
swelling, thrombosis
fever
leukocytosis
little/no urine production

A

hyperacute rejection

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11
Q

rejection after a few days
no previous sensitization

A

acute rejection

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12
Q

—— rejection may be reduced by immunosuppressive drugs

A

acute

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13
Q

rejection months after transplant
both Ab and cell-mediated

A

chronic rejection

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14
Q

major region of immunologic importance for transplantation

A

MHC

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15
Q

graft rejection begins with…

A

activation of CD4+ T-cells by non-self MHCII on graft

CD8+ may be activated by MHCI

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16
Q

lymphs of donor and recipient reacted with panel of Ab

A

lymphocytotoxicity test

17
Q

can detect donor/recipient differences to a single AA

A

genotyping

18
Q

leukocytes from donor and recipient cultured together for several days and T-cells with radioactively labelled DNA proliferate if incompatible

A

mixed leukocyte reaction

19
Q

stabilize lysosomal membranes
inhibit T-cell cytokine production
induce lysis of lymphs

A

anti-inflammatories
(corticosteroids)

20
Q

interfere with RNA/DNA synthesis

A

anti-metabolites

21
Q

monoclonal Ab (OKT3) given before, during and after transplant; specific for lymphs

A

cytotoxic/blocking agents

22
Q

interferes with cytokine gene transcription in T-cells

even allows transplant between unmatched donor/recipient

nephrotoxic

A

cyclosporine

23
Q

similar to cyclosporine, not as nephrotoxic

A

FK506

24
Q

induces total immunosuppression prior to transplant

A

total lymphoid irradiation

25
Q

helps protect fetus against rejection by mother

A

alpha-fetoprotein

26
Q

Ag on malignant cells not present on normal cells

A

tumor specific ag

27
Q

Ag “hidden” on normal cells or “overexpressed” on tumor cells

A

tumor associated ag

28
Q

categories of tumor ag

A
  • chemically or physically induced – harder to tx, not cross reactive
  • virally induced – cross reactivity
  • oncodevelopmental antigens – expressed on normal embryo/fetus, not on normal adults
  • antigens of spontaneous tumors – unknown causes
29
Q

CEA and AFP are examples of…

A

oncodevelopmental ags

30
Q

IgG and IgM are ineffective against —– tumors

A

large, solid

31
Q

parts of cell-mediated tumor defense

A
  • cytotoxic T-cells
  • NK cells
  • lymphokine activated killer cells (LAKs)
32
Q

how tumors escape imm system

A
  • privileged sites (lens of eye)
  • antigenic modulation
  • blocking by soluble Ag released by tumor
  • tumor-specific suppressor T-cells
  • prostaglandins released by tumors
  • large tumor mass
33
Q

elevated in liver cancer, cirrhosis, hepatitis

A

AFP

34
Q

normally present in GI tract, but not blood except in malignancy or inflammatory disease

A

CEA

Mercy CLS 1: Immunology (19 decks)

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